DC-SOFCs	Direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell technology
XRD	X-ray diffraction analysis method
SEM	Scanning electron microscopy
WDXRF	Wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy
DTA	Differential thermal analysis
TG	thermogravimetry
MIR	Mid-infrared spectroscopy
Ni	metallic nickel powder
GDC	5% Gd2O3 in CeO2, solid solutions, gadolina doped-ceria
YSZ	8% Y2O3 in ZrO2 solid solution, cubic zirconia-yttria solid solution
Ni-GDC	cermet anode; 50% vol Ni particles dispersed in 50%vol. GDC oxide matrix
Ni-YSZ	cermet anode; 50% vol Ni particles dispersed in 50%vol. YSZ oxide matrix
P0	raw ground pistachio shells
P200–P850	thermally heated pistachio shell samples; the numbers 200, 300, 400, 600 and 850 represent the temperatures (in Celsius) of the thermal treatment
LSFC	(La0.60Sr0.40)0.95Co0.20Fe0.8O3-x cathode material
LSM	La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 cathode material
LSFC-GDC	a composite cathode material; 52.4 wt% (La0.60Sr0.40)0.95Co0.20Fe0.80O3-x and 47.6 wt% Gd0.10Ce0.90O1.95
LSM-GDC	a composite cathode material –53 wt% La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 and 47wt% Gd0.10Ce0.90O1.95