Table 1.
Physiological roles of retinoic acid (RA) in chordate.
| Role of Retinoic Acid (RA) | References | |
|---|---|---|
| Embryogenesis | Neural tube development | [66] |
| Posterior foregut derivatives development and liver growth | [67] | |
| craniofacial morphogenesis | [68] | |
| Skin morphogenesis | [69] | |
| Eye development | [70,71] | |
| posterior hindbrain structure expansion | [72] | |
| Early somite formation | [36,77] | |
| Heart anteroposterior patterning | [36,77] | |
| Kidney formation | [36,78] | |
| Others (immunity, cell differentiation) |
Neuron differentiation | [36,61,73] |
| Anti-inflammatory naïve T cells differentiation | [79] | |
| HL-60 cells differentiation | [80] |