Table 1.
Antifungal activity of twenty isolated biocontrol strains versus pathogenic Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Alternaria species by overlay assay. Values are expressed as percentage of inhibition after 7 days ± standard deviation. % Inhibition = (Diameter of control − Diameter of agent)/Diameter of control.
| % Inhibition | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pathogen |
F. sporotrichioides ITEM 12168 |
F. graminearum ITEM 126 |
F. proliferatum ITEM 12072 |
F. poae ITEM 9151 |
F. verticillioides ITEM 12043 |
F. langsethiae ITEM 11031 |
P. verrucosum CECT 2913 |
B. cinerea CECT 20973 |
A. flavus ITEM 8111 |
A. alternata ITEM 8121 |
| Diameter control (cm) | 8.5 | 6.5 | 7.4 | 6.6 | 5 | 5.3 | 1.6 | 7.7 | Nd | 5.5 |
| Biocontrol agents | ||||||||||
| P. polymixa CECT 153 | Nd | Nd | Nd | 8.3 ± 0.2 | Nd | 8.1 | Nd | 10.2 ± 0.1 | Nd | Nd |
| P. polymixa CECT 155 | 45.2 ± 0.1 | 50.5 ± 0.1 | 48.2 ± 0.1 | 48.2 ± 0.1 | 40.3 ± 0.2 | 46.0 ± 0.2 | 19 ± 0.2 | 38.3 ± 0.1 | Nd | 34.3 ± 0.1 |
| B. thuringiensis CECT 197 | 40.1 ± 0.1 | 20.3 ± 0.2 | 20.2 ± 0.2 | 18.5 ± 0.2 | 18.2 ± 0.2 | 25.2 ± 0.3 | Nd | 18.2 ± 0.2 | Nd | 15.4 ± 0.2 |
| P. chibensis CECT 375 | 18.2 ± 0.2 | 17.4 ± 0.2 | 19.2 ± 0.2 | 16.2 ± 0.1 | 16.3 ± 0.1 | 25.1 ± 0.2 | Nd | 20.2 ± 0.1 | Nd | 19.3 ± 0.3 |
| P. alvei CECT 2 | 16.5 ± 0.1 | 15.4 ± 0.1 | 16.6 ± 0.1 | 16.7 ± 0.2 | 16.2 ± 0.2 | 19.4 ± 0.2 | Nd | 16.5 ± 0.4 | Nd | 13.8 ± 0.2 |
| B. licheniformis CECT 20 | 16.3 ± 0.2 | 17.5 ± 0.2 | 18.7 ± 0.2 | 16.9 ± 0.1 | Nd | 16.4 ± 0.1 | Nd | 16.2 ± 0.1 | Nd | 14.7 ± 0.1 |
| B. megaterium CECT 44 | 16.2 ± 0.1 | 19.2 ± 0.1 | 18.5 ± 0.1 | 11.4 ± 0.3 | Nd | 18.3 ± 0.2 | Nd | 20.2 ± 0.3 | Nd | 16.3 ± 0.3 |
| B. subtilis CECT 499 | 25.8 ± 0.3 | 20.2 ± 0.3 | 21.2 ± 0.3 | 25.2 ± 0.2 | Nd | 18.3 ± 0.1 | Nd | 21.5 ± 0.2 | Nd | 13.9 ± 0.2 |
| B. amyloliquefaciens CECT 493 | 25.3 ± 0.2 | 19.2 ± 0.2 | 22.8 ± 0.2 | 22.2 ± 0.2 | 20.2 ± 0.1 | 16.2 ± 0.2 | Nd | 33.2 ± 0.1 | Nd | 20.3 ± 0.2 |
| P. agglomerans CECT 850 | 47.4 ± 0.1 | 40.3 ± 0.1 | 37.6 ± 0.3 | 20.3 ± 0.1 | 21.2 ± 0.1 | 16.6 ± 0.1 | Nd | 25.3 ± 0.3 | Nd | 22.2 ± 0.1 |
| S. griseus CECT 3276 | 25.9 ± 0.3 | 19.4 ± 0.2 | 20.5 ± 0.2 | 22.2 ± 0.2 | Nd | Nd | Nd | 18.5 ± 0.2 | Nd | 14.2 ± 0.1 |
| S. calvus CECT 3271 | 19.5 ± 0.1 | 20.4 ± 0.3 | 26.4 ± 0.2 | 30.2 ± 0.2 | 20.2 ± 0.3 | Nd | Nd | 16.2 ± 0.1 | Nd | 11.5 ± 0.2 |
| P. syringae CECT 312 | 22.5 ± 0.2 | 35.3 ± 0.2 | 25.3 ± 0.1 | 21.3 ± 0.1 | 19.4 ± 0.2 | Nd | Nd | 16.2 ± 0.2 | Nd | 16.6 ± 0.3 |
| P. syringae CECT 4390 | 22.1 ± 0.2 | 21.2 ± 0.2 | Nd | Nd | 18.6 ± 0.1 | Nd | Nd | 16.3 ± 0.1 | Nd | 35.4 ± 0.1 |
| P. syringae CECT 4393 | 20.2 ± 0.2 | 20.1 ± 0.2 | Nd | Nd | 17.8 ± 0.1 | Nd | Nd | 16.1 ± 0.1 | Nd | 16.0 ± 0.2 |
| C. sake CECT 1044 | 31.2 ± 0.1 | 40.3 ± 0.1 | 48.2 ± 0.1 | 40.3 ± 0.2 | 20.3 ± 0.2 | 30.2 ± 0.1 | Nd | 19.2 ± 0.1 | Nd | 20.1 ± 0.2 |
| C. sake CECT 10034 | 45.2 ± 0.2 | 39.3 ± 0.1 | 45.2 ± 0.2 | 40.2 ± 0.1 | 39.2 ± 0.1 | 30.3 ± 0.1 | Nd | 33.3 ± 0.1 | Nd | 33.5 ± 0.1 |
| C. oleophila CECT 11891 | 45.1 ± 0.2 | 35.2 ± 0.2 | 45.4 ± 0.1 | 40.2 ± 0.2 | 39.2 ± 0.1 | 35.3 ± 0.2 | Nd | 20.4 ± 0.3 | Nd | 21.4 ± 0.2 |
| M. pulcherrima CECT 1691 | 45.2 ± 0.2 | 40.2 ± 0.1 | 50.4 ± 0.2 | 41.3 ± 0.2 | 40.3 ± 0.1 | 40.5 ± 0.1 | Nd | 19.2 ± 0.2 | Nd | 30.5 ± 0.1 |
| M. pulcherrima CECT 10408 | 45.0 ± 0.2 | 40.3 ± 0.2 | 50.1 ± 0.3 | 40.2 ± 0.1 | 39.2 ± 0.1 | 40.2 ± 0.2 | 20 ± 0.2 | 40.6 ± 0.4 | Nd | 20.3 ± 0.3 |
The experiment was carried out in triplicate (n = 3). Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Abbreviations: Nd: not detected. CECT, Spanish-Type Culture Collection (València, Spain). ITEM, the Agro-Food Microbial Culture Collection of the Institute of Sciences and Food Production (Bari, Italy).