ALT	Alanine aminotransferase
ALP	Alkaline Phosphatase
AST	Aspartate aminotransferase
Au NPs	Gold nanoparticles
Bi NPs	Metallic bismuth nanoparticles
BSA	Bovine serum albumin
BSS	Bismuth subsalicylate
BUN	Blood urea nitrogen
CCK-8	Cell counting kit-8
CPTT	Chemo-photothermal therapy
CREA	Creatinine
CT	Computed tomography
DLPC	1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine
DSPE	2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
FBS	Fetal Bovine Serum
FITC	Fluorescein isothiocyanate
G	GANEX
GI	Gastrointestinal
HGFs	Human gingival fibroblasts
HU	Hounsfield units
IRT	Infrared thermal
LDH	Lactate dehydrogenase
MDC	Monodansylcadaverine
MIC	Minimal inhibitory concentration
MTA	Mineral Trioxide Aggregate
NAC	N-acetylcysteine
NIR	Near infrared
PA	Photoacoustic
PAI	Photoacoustic imaging
PEG	Polyethylene glycol
PLGA	Poly (DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid)
PPy	Polypyrrole
PTT	Photothermal therapy
PVP	Poly (vinylpyrrolidone
RBC	Red blood cell
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RT	Radiotherapy
SPR	Surface plasmon resonance
UA	Uric acid
XCAs	X-ray contrast agents