Table 1.
Clinical information and microbiologic evidence from conventional method and metagenomic next generation sequencing of the enrolled patients.
| No. | Age/Gender | Underlying Diseases | Neutropenia | Clinical Diagnosis of Infection Disease | Blood Cultures | Additional Laboratory Tests | mNGS Results (Reads, Relative Abundance [%]) | Interval between Fever Onset and mNGS Sampling (Days) | mNGS Sampled before Effective Antimicrobial Agents |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Information of conventional diagnostic method equal to mNGS (n = 9) | |||||||||
| 1 | 83/M | AML | Y | BSI | Bacillus cereus | B. cereus (100, 0.627) | 3 | Y | |
| 2 | 83/M | AML | Y | CAP | Pseudomona aeruginosa | P. aeruginosa (4022, 21.86) | 1 | Y | |
| 3 | 70/M | AML | Y | HAP | Klebsiella pneumoniae | K. pneumoniae (55, 0.45) | 1 | N | |
| 4 | 74/M | DLBCL | N | HAP | Serum and sputum Cytomegalovirus PCR (+) | CMV (2233, 10.63) | 1 | Y | |
| 5 | 66/M | MM | N | HAP | Serum and sputum CMV viral load: (+) Bronchial wash Pneumocystis jirovecii PCR (+) |
CMV (19, 0.17) P. jirovecii (16, 0.14) |
1 | N | |
| 6 | 73/M | AML | N | IAI | 2 | - | |||
| 7 | 69/M | DLBCL | N | HLH | 3 | - | |||
| 8 | 80/M | AML | Y | HAP | 0 | - | |||
| 9 | 44/M | AML | Y | IAI | 1 | - | |||
| More information of mNGSs (n = 10) | |||||||||
| 10 | 64/F | DLBCL | N | UTI | K. pneumoniae |
K. pneumoniae (46, 0.51) CMV (27, 0.3) |
1 | N | |
| 11 | 75/M | DLBCL | N | CRBSI | Enterobacter cloacae |
E. cloacae (229, 1.93) Enterococcus faecium (26, 0.22) Acinetobacter baumannii (18, 0.15) |
0 | Y | |
| 12 | 76/M | AML | Y | VAP | Burkholderia cepacia complex E. faecium | Human mastadenovirus C (22,355, 79.62) E. faecium (47, 0.17) Bukholderia ubonensis (13, 0.05) |
0 | Y | |
| 13 | 61/F | T-LGLL | Y | IAI | Escherichia coli |
Shigella dysenteriae (48, 0.09) K. pneumoniae (45, 0.08) E. cloacae (24, 0.04) Candida albicans (10, 0.02) |
0 | Y | |
| 14 | 53/M | MM | Y | IAI | K. pneumoniae |
K. pneumoniae (113, 1.66) P. aeruginosa (18, 0.26) E. coli (5, 0.07) |
2 | Y | |
| 15 | 76/M | MM | N | UTI | E. coli | CMV (5260, 49.51) E.coli (33, 0.31) E. faecium (31, 0.29) |
4 | N | |
| 16 | 66/M | MM | Y | IAI |
K. pneumoniae (210, 2.14) CMV (44, 0.34) C. albicans (4, 0.03) |
0 | Y | ||
| 17 | 55/M | AML | N | HSV-1 (42, 0.18) Cryptococcus neoformans (4, 0.02) |
2 | N | |||
| 18 | 62/M | DLBCL | N | HHV-6 (5310, 23.58) | 3 | N | |||
| 19 | 61/M | DLBCL | Y | HAP | CMV (14, 0.05) | 1 | N | ||
| More information of conventional methods (n = 3) | |||||||||
| 20 | 64/F | DLBCL | N | HAP | K. pneumoniae | Serum CMV viral load: (+) | CMV (39, 0.33) | 1 | N |
| 21 | 61/M | MCL | Y | IAI | Aeromonas veronii | 2 | N | ||
| 22 | 37/M | ALL | Y | HAP | E. coli | 1 | N | ||
| Inconsistent results between mNGS and conventional methods (n = 2) | |||||||||
| 23 | 82/M | DLBCL | Y | IAI |
S. enterica
E. faecium |
C. albicans (310, 1.86) S. enterica (177, 1.06) CMV (46, 0.28) |
2 | N | |
| 24 | 80/F | AML | Y | BSI | Candia tropicalis | E. coli (5, 0.05) | 2 | N | |
Abbreviation: ALL, acute lymphocytic leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; BSI, bloodstream infection; CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; CMV, cytomegalovirus; CRBSI, catheter-related bloodstream infection; DLBCL, diffused large B cell lymphoma; HAP, hospital acquired pneumonia; HHV-6, human herpes virus-6; HLH, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; HSV-1, herpes simplex virus -1; IAI, intra-abdominal infection; MCL, mantle cell lymphoma; MM, multiple myeloma; mNGS, metagenomic next generation sequencing; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; T-LGLL, T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia; UTI, urinary tract infection.