Table 1.
Characteristics of the 113 participants.
| Characteristic | Category | All | Placebo | VL | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of cases | 113 | 57 | 56 | |||
| Age (years) | 9.4 ± 1.5 | 9.5 ± 1.5 | 9.3 ± 1.5 | 0.478 | † | |
| Sex | boys | 43 (38.1%) | 22 (38.6%) | 21 (37.5%) | 1.000 | †† |
| girls | 70 (61.9%) | 35 (61.4%) | 35 (62.5%) | |||
| Parental myopia | both parents | 56 (51.9%) | 24 (45.3%) | 32 (58.2%) | ||
| only father | 22 (20.4%) | 10 (18.9%) | 12 (21.8%) | 0.196 | †† | |
| only mother | 30 (17.4%) | 19 (35.8%) | 11 (20.0%) | |||
| Height (cm) | 135.3 ± 10.9 | 135.8 ± 9.9 | 134.7 ± 11.9 | 0.989 | † | |
| Weight (kg) | 31.16 ± 7.35 | 31.15 ± 6.86 | 31.17 ± 7.88 | 0.629 | † | |
| Best corrected visual acuity (log MAR) | right eyes | −0.09 ± 0.03 | −0.09 ± 0.03 | −0.09 ± 0.03 | 0.985 | |
| left eyes | −0.08 ± 0.03 | −0.08 ± 0.03 | −0.09 ± 0.03 | 0.718 | ||
| Axial length (mm) | right eyes | 24.49 ± 0.81 | 24.53 ± 0.67 | 24.45 ± 0.93 | 0.724 | |
| left eyes | 24.50 ± 0.83 | 24.54 ± 0.67 | 24.45 ± 0.97 | 0.658 | ||
| SER (D) | right eyes | −2.74 ± 0.86 | −2.66 ± 0.85 | −2.82 ± 0.87 | 0.328 | |
| left eyes | −2.78 ± 0.90 | −2.66 ± 0.87 | −2.90 ± 0.92 | 0.156 | ||
| Number of participants with glasses at the first visit | 59 (52.2%) | 28 (49.1%) | 31 (55.4%) | 0.574 | †† | |
| Environmental factors | ||||||
| Near-work time (min/day) | 193.45 ± 93.13 | 214.50 ± 104.11 | 172.02 ± 75.48 | 0.015 | † | |
| Sunlight exposure time (min/day) | 58.75 ± 52.18 | 54.52 ± 47.34 | 63.03 ± 56.80 | 0.388 | † | |
| Sleeping hours (hours/day) | 8.56 ± 0.67 | 8.57 ± 0.63 | 8.54 ± 0.72 | 0.841 | † | |
Data represent means ± SDs; min: minutes; log MAR: logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; SER: spherical equivalent refraction; D: diopter; VL group: violet light-transmitting eyeglasses group; †: t-test; ††: Fisher test; others: Mann–Whitney U test.