Table 2.
Hazard ratios and confidence intervals for statistically significant * determinants of length of stay (based on multivariable global model **).
| Discharged | Transferred | Died in Hospital | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Increase LOS | Decrease LOS | Increase LOS | Decrease LOS | Increase LOS | Decrease LOS |
| Patient characteristics | ||||||
| Age (reference 61–70) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 18–30 | - | 1.18 (1.12–1.24) | - | - | 0.31 (0.14–0.71) | - |
| 31–40 | - | 1.15 (1.09–1.21) | - | - | 0.49 (0.29–0.85) | - |
| 41–50 | - | 1.10 (1.05–1.15) | - | - | - | - |
| 51–60 | - | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | - | - | - | - |
| 71–80 | 0.92 (0.89–0.96) | - | - | 1.25 (1.10–1.43) | - | 1.40 (1.10–1.77) |
| 81–120 | 0.78 (0.74–0.82) | - | - | 1.77 (1.54–2.04) | - | 2.25 (1.78–2.84) |
| Male | - | - | - | - | - | 1.19 (1.03–1.39) |
| Affected Organs | ||||||
| Brain/nerves | 0.86 (0.82–0.91) | - | 1.35 (1.19–1.55) | - | - | - |
| Skeleton/bone/muscle | 0.86 (0.81–0.90) | - | 1.22 (1.07–1.39) | - | 0.62 (0.47–0.82) | - |
| Blood/bone marrow | 0.86 (0.80–0.93) | - | - | - | - | - |
| Skin | 0.87 (0.81–0.93) | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cancer | 0.91 (0.86–0.96) | - | - | - | - | 2.34 (1.88–2.90) |
| Infection | 0.86 (0.81–0.91) | - | - | - | - | 1.34 (1.04–1.73) |
| Eye/ear | - | 1.12(1.02–1.22) | - | - | - | - |
| Lung | 0.88 (0.85–0.92) | - | - | - | - | 1.83 (1.50–2.24) |
| Liver | 0.86 (0.81–0.91) | - | - | - | - | 1.90 (1.45–2.49) |
| Comorbidities | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Diabetes I/II | 0.94 (0.91–0.97) | - | - | - | - | |
| Stroke | 0.90 (0.84–0.97) | - | - | - | - | - |
| Others | 0.96 (0.93–0.99) | - | - | 1.13 (1.01–1.27) | - | - |
| Setting characteristics | ||||||
| Regions (ref. Eur A) | ||||||
| American Region A | - | 1.10 (1.02–1.17) | - | 2.59 (2.06–3.26) | - | - |
| American Region B | 0.92 (0.85–0.99) | - | - | - | - | 1.82 (1.34–2.47) |
| Europe Region B/C | 0.86 (0.79–0.93) | - | 0.50 (0.30–0.83) | - | - | - |
| Japan | 0.80 (0.68–0.93) | - | 0.31 (0.23–0.43) | - | 0.46 (0.31–0.70) | - |
| Specialty (ref. Internal medicine) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cardiothoracic surgery | - | - | - | - | 0.38 (0.15–0.95) | - |
| Ear Nose Throat (ENT) | - | - | - | - | 0.22 (0.07–0.69) | - |
| General surgery | - | 1.07 (1.00–1.14) | - | - | 0.54 (0.39–0.76) | - |
| Geriatrics | 0.67 (0.60–0.76) | - | - | - | 0.67 (0.49–0.91) | - |
| Gynaecology | - | - | - | - | 0.34 (0.13–0.94) | - |
| Long-term care | 0.72 (0.53–0.99) | - | 0.51 (0.29–0.91) | - | - | - |
| Orthopaedic surgery | - | - | - | - | 0.47 (0.23–0.97) | - |
| Psychiatry | 0.63 (0.45–0.87) | - | 0.43 (0.21–0.88) | - | 0.11 (0.02–0.70) | - |
| Nutrition-related characteristics | ||||||
| Dietician available | - | - | 0.77 (0.63–0.94) | - | - | - |
| Nutrition team available | 0.95 (0.91–1.00) | - | - | - | - | - |
| Weight Δ in the last 3 months (reference idem) | ||||||
| Lost weight | 0.86 (0.83–0.88) | - | - | - | - | 1.75 (1.40–2.18) |
| Unsure | 0.87 (0.80–0.93) | - | - | 1.47 (1.21–1.79) | - | 4.50 (3.35–6.05) |
| Missing | 0.83 (0.78–0.89) | - | - | 1.32 (1.13–1.54) | - | 2.88 (2.07–4.03) |
Gray indicates determinant type of the variables that follow * statistically significant at p < 0.001 ** complete cases analysis using Cox proportional hazards model with competing risks extension. Definitions: American Region A = Canada, United States of America; American Region B = Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Uruguay; Asia Pacific = Bangladesh, China, India, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand; Eastern Mediterranean Region = Egypt, Iran, Kuwait, Oman, United Arab Emirates; Europe Region A = Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, UK, Greece, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Portugal; Europe Region B/C = Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey, Ukraine; Japan = Japan; Oceania = Australia, New Zealand.