Table 6.

MI and NMI country of birth, quantitative oral health indicators (QnOHI) and data collection of the included studies.

Study	MI Country of Birth	NMI Country of Birth	QnOHI	Data Collection
Aarabi et al. 2018 [34]	36: Europe 25: Africa/Asia/America	51: Germany	• DMFT according to Barmes [60]	Clinical oral examination
Agudelo-Suárez et al. 2019 [35]	126: Ecuador 122: Colombia 52: Morocco	101: Spain	/	/
Al Haboubi et al. 2013 [36]	193: Africa/Caribbean/Other 36: India/Bangladesh/Pakistan/Other	466: British/Irish/Other	/	/
Arora et al. 2017 [37]	272: India 165: Pakistan or Bangladesh 187: Black	10.435: White British	Presence of natural teeth Presence of filled teeth Presence of denture	ADHS 2009 Model [61]
Delgado-Angulo et al. 2018 [38]	1036: Africa/Caribbean/Pakistan/India/Bangladesh/Asia	874: UK	• DMFT	Clinical oral examination following UK ADHS protocol 1998 [62]
Dujister et al. 2015 [39]	31: Morocco 26: Turkey	35: Netherlands	• DMFT	Records from the pediatric dental center in the Haque (Netherlands): data were collected performing clinical oral examination
Erdsiek et al. 2017 [40]	3404: MI	18337: Germany	/	/
Ferrazzano et al. 2019 [41]	183: Eastern Europe/Asia/Africa/Turkey/South and Central America	370: Italy	• DMFT	Clinical oral examination
Freiberg et al. 2020 [56]	187: Syria 46: Afghanistan 38: Iran 29: Somalia 21: Guinea-Bissau 21: Russia 18: Eritrea 14: India 14: Kosovo 11: Benin 76: unknown/others	/	/	/
Gatou et al. 2011 [42]	739: MI	4377: Greece	dmft UTN DI-S	Clinical oral examination
Goetz et al. 2018 [43]	25: Afghanistan 19: Iraq 15: Syria 14: Eritrea 11: Yemen 7: Armenia 5: Somalia 4: Iran 2: Chechnya	/	• DMFT	Clinical oral examination
Høyvik et al. 2019 [44]	45: Middle East (Syria/Iran/Iraq/Afghanistan) 87: Africa (Eritrea/Somalia/Sudan/Nigeria)	/	• DT	Clinical oral examination by Singh et al. [63]
Jacobsson et al. 2011 [45]	154: Asia/Africa/South America/North America/Scandinavia/European countries	585: Sweden	Number of teeth dfs/DFS GI PLI	Clinical and radiographic examination
Julihn et al. 2010 [57]	140: Western Europe 315: Eastern Europe 595: Asia 143: Africa 185: South America	14160: Sweden	• DMFSa	Data were provided by Public Dental Health Service, private practicioners and the Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Pediatric Dentistry at Karolinska Institutet
Julihn et al. 2021 [58]	2363: Africa/India 7351: Eastern Europe/South America/China/Asia/Vietnam/Oceania 872: Western Europe/South Europe/North America/Korea	44491: Sweden	• Presence of caries into dentin	Clinical and radiographic examination
Marcenes et al. 2013 [46]	1.94%: White Eastern Europe 2.74%: White other 15.6%: Black Africa 7.30%: Black Other 7%: India 30.11%: Bangladesh 6.36%: Pakistan 5.14%: Asian Other 4.04%: Middle East	10.94%: White British	dmft Number of teeth with untreated caries into dentin % of children with one or more tooth with untreated caries into dentin % of children with caries experience	Clinical oral examination
Mattila et al. 2016 [47]	9 asylum, seekers: Asia 12 MI: Asia 7 MI: Africa 10 MI: Europe	/	/	/
Mustafa et al. 2020 [48]	32: Afghanistan 17: Azerbaijan/Bangladesh/Pakistan 4: Bosnia and Herzegovina 1: Dominican Republic 18: Philippines 2: Belarus 23: India 2: Indonesia 15: China 2: Kosovo 34: Lithuania 3: Moldova 2: Nepal 12: Romania 7: Russia 10: Srijlanka 1: Taiwan 10: South America 130: Africa	/	/	/
Portero de la Cruz et al. 2020 [49]	253: MI (nationality not specified)	4315: Spanish	/	/
Riatto et al. 2018 [50]	100: Arabian ethnicity 56: Caucasian ethnicity	/	• DMFT	Clinical oral examination
Rouxel et al. 2017 [51]	335: Black African and Caribbean 431: Pakistan/Bangladesh 142: India 552: Other White/Mixed White	7081: Britain/Ireland	DFT Presence of plaque Gingivitis	Children’s Dental Health Survey (CDHS) 2013
Solyman et al. 2018 [52]	239: Syria 147: Iraq	/	DMFT Dental trauma Dean’s Index (enamel fluorosis) Need of treatmentPresence of plaque Presence of calculus	Clinical oral examination
Van der Tas et al. 2017 [53]	1618: Non-Western	3446: Netherlands	• dmft	Clinical oral examination
Van Meljeen-van Lunteren et al. 2019 [54]	Mothers’ country of birth: 143: Indonesia 104: Morocco 195: Suriname 169: Turkey	Mothers’ country of birth: 2110: Netherlands	/	/
Wigen et al. 2010 [55]	Parents’ country of birth 70: Turkey/Asia/Africa/South America/Central America/Eastern Europe	Parents’ country of birth 453: Netherlands	• dmft	Clinical oral examination

ADHS 2009 = Adult Dental Health Survey 2009; API: Approximal Plaque Index; dfs = dcayed filled proximal teeth surfaces in primary dentition; DFS = Decayed Filled proximal teeth surfaces in permanent dentition; DFT = Decayed Filled permanent Teeth; DT = Decayed permanent Teeth; DI-S = Simplified Debris Index; DMFT= decayed (D), missing (M), filled (F) permanent teeth; dmft= decayed (d), missing (m), filled (f) primary teeth; DMFM = decayed, missing, filled first permanent molars; DMFSa = decayed, missing, filled surfaces approxymal; ECC = early childhood caries: GI = gingival indices; N = number; NICE = National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: PBI = Papillary Bleeding Index; PI = Plaque Index; PLI = Plaque indices grades 2 and 3 (Silness and Loe 1964); pufa index = pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula and abscess in severe decayed primary teeth; UTN = Unmet Treatment Needs.