Table 7.

Qualitative oral health indicators and data collection of the included studies.

Study	MI Country of Birth	NMI Country of Birth
Aarabi et al. 2018 [34]	Use of dental care services/barriers Oral hygiene behavior	Face to face interview: 18 questions corresponding to the German Oral Health Sruvey (DMS) IV (Micheelis and Schiffner 2006)
Agudelo-Suárez et al. 2019 [35]	OHRQoL Self-perceived dental caries/gingival bleeding/use of oral health services	OHIP-14 instrument [64]: 14 questions on impact of oral condition on people’s quality of life
Al Haboubi et al. 2013 [36]	• Use of dental care services (NICE guidelines)	Home interview with a structured questionnaire
Arora et al. 2017 [37]	Use of dental care services Self-reported oral health	ADHS 2009 model [61]
Dujister et al. 2015 [39]	Parents’ dental health efficacy Dental health-related Locus of control (Loc)	Validate questionnaire by Pine et al.
Erdsiek et al. 2017 [40]	• Use of dental check-ups in the 12c months prior to the interview (dichotomous variable)	Secondary analysis from the cross-sectional telephone survey “German Health Update 2010” by Robert Koch Institute [65]
Freiberg et al. 2020 [56]	• Dental healthcare utilization	Handwritten medical reports at Dental Department at Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg (Halle, Germany) from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2015
Goetz et al. 2018 [43]	Year of last dental visit Regular visits to a dentist during childhood Daily dental hygiene/access to dental hygiene products Oral pain	Questionnaire
Høyvik et al. 2019 [44]	Self-perceived oral health Dental habits OIDP	Oral questions for self-perceived oral health/utilization of dental services Opened questions about dental habits Questionnaire for OIDP with 8 questions
Mattila et al. 2016 [47]	Oral health and use of dental care services Oral health related habits Dental fear	Interview of 30 min with closed and opened questions
Mustafa et al. 2020 [48]	• Parental oral health behaviors  Following the Aizen’s Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) [66]; Intention to brush child’s teeth twice a day Subjective norms towards child’s toothbrushing twice a day Perceived behavioral control  Based on health belief model [67]: • Indulgence	Face to face interview of 15–20 min
Portero de la Cruz et al. 2020 [49]	Use of dental services Dental problems	Spanish National Health Survey 2017 [68]
Solyman et al. 2018 [52]	Knowledge of toothbrushing and flossing Attitude towards oral health practices of oral hygiene	Questionnaire proposed by WHO consisting of 11 opened questions [69]
Van Meljeen-van Lunteren et al. 2019 [54]	• OHRQoL	COHIP-ortho/COHIP-11
Wigen et al. 2010 [55]	Parents’ oral health behavior Parents’ attitude to oral health	Questionnaire

COHIP-11/ortho = Child Oral Health Impact Profile; OHRQoL = Oral Health Related Quality of Life; OIDP = oral impact on daily performance.