Table 8.
Assessment of sociodemographic/socioeconomic status (SDS/SES), association between SDS/SES and quantitative/qualitative oral health indicators (QnOHI/QlOHI).
| Study | Assessment of SDS | NMI Country of Birth | Association between SDS/SES and QnOHI of MI | Association between SDS/SES and QlOHI of MI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aarabi et al. 2018 [34] | Non specified: face to face interview | Non specified: face to face interview | Logistic regression adjusted for gender, age, monthly net income, education: OR (95% CI) were reported |
Logistic regression adjusted for gender, age, monthly net income, education: Coefficient (95% CI) were reported |
| Agudelo-Suárez et al. 2019 [35] | Structured questionnaire [70] | Based on: Social class classification → Spanish National Classification of Occupations 2011 using neo-Weberian and neo-Marxist approaches (Domingo-Salvany et al. 2013 [71]) |
/ | Multivariate logistic regression analyses: association between SDS/SES and OHIP-4 dimension:
|
| Al Haboubi et al. 2013 [36] | Home interview with a structured questionnaire | Home interview with a structured questionnaire | / | Poisson regression models with robust variance: PR (95% CI) were reported |
| Arora et al. 2017 [37] | ADHS 2009 model [61] | ADHS 2009 model [61] | Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, education level, housing tenure, area socioeconomic deprivation quintile, area of residence | Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, education level, housing tenure, area socioeconomic deprivation quintile, area of residence |
| Delgado-Angulo et al. 2018 [38] | Supervised questionnaire | Supervised questionnaire: Education and the National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification (NS-SEC) were used for SEP indicators |
Negative binomial regression adjusted for ethnicity, SEP, sex, age | / |
| Dujister et al. 2015 [39] | Self-report validate questionnaire | Self-report validate questionnaire | / | Logistic regression analysis: association of parental and family-related variables with the dental condition |
| Erdsiek et al. 2017 [40] | Secondary analysis from the cross-sectional telephone survey “German Health Update 2010” by Robert Koch Institute [65] | Secondary analysis from the cross-sectional telephone survey “German Health Update 2010” by Robert Koch Institute [65] | / | Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic status, type of insurance |
| Ferrazzano et al. 2019 [41] | Questionnaire | ISEE certification for family’s annual income | One-way ANOVA test: association between DMFT and mothers’ education level | / |
| Freiberg et al. 2020 [56] | Handwritten medical reports at Dental Department at Martin-Luther—University Halle-Wittenberg (Halle, Germany) from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2015 | Handwritten medical reports at Dental Department at Martin-Luther—University Halle-Wittenberg (Halle, Germany) from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2015 | / | / |
| Gatou et al. 2011 [42] | Schools’ archives | Ministry of Economy and Finance, based on the household’s income statements of 2006 | Binary logistic regression for caries prevalence adjusted for age, gender, ethnic background, residence area, area-based income: OR (95% CI) were reportedOrdinal logistic regression for DMFT/dmft adjusted for age, gender, ethnic background, residence area, area-based income: OR (95% CI) were reported |
/ |
| Goetz et al. 2018 [43] | Questionnaire | / | / | / |
| Høyvik et al. 2019 [44] | Not specified | Not specified | Multiple linear regression for OIDP adjusted for age, gender, education level | Multiple linear regression for DMFT/DT adjusted for age, gender, education level |
| Jacobsson et al. 2011 [45] | Not specified | Not specified | Logistic regression for dental caries adjusted for age, gender, parents’ education level: OR (95% CI) were reported |
/ |
| Julihn et al. 2010 [57] | Swedish National Registers | Education National Register (for parents’ education level) Total Enumeration Income Register for social-welfare allowance family income |
Bivariate logistic regression analysis for DMFD adjusted for age, gender, parents’ country of birth, parents’ marital status, parents’ education level, social welfare allowance income. OR (95% CI) were reported |
/ |
| Julihn et al. 2021 [58] | Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare and by Statistics Sweden (SCB) registries | Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare and by Statistics Sweden (SCB) registries | Binary logistic regression for deft adjusted by gender, maternal age, number of children, household income level: OR (95% CI) were reported |
/ |
| Marcenes et al. 2013 [46] | School records | / | Poisson regression model for dmft/percentage of children with caries, experience adjusted by gender, borough, ethnic group: OR (95% CI) were reported |
/ |
| Mattila et al. 2016 [47] | Oral interview | Oral interview | / | / |
| Mustafa et al. 2020 [48] | Oral interview | Oral interview | / | / |
| Portero de la Cruz et al. 2020 [49] | Spanish National Health Survey 2017 [68] | Spanish National Health Survey 2017 [68] | / | Nagelkerke’s R2 for use of dental services adjusted by age, gender, size of town residence, type of household, social class: OR (95% CI) were reported |
| Riatto et al. 2018 [50] | Oral questionnaire proposed by the WHO [72] | / | Pearson correlation between oral health and children’s age | / |
| Roxel et al. 2017 [51] | School records | School records | Negative binomial regression model for dmft/DMFT adjusted by socioeconomic position PR (CI 95%) were reported Probit regression models for gingivitis plaque, periodontal health adjusted for socioeconomic position: PR (CI 95%) were reported |
/ |
| Solyman et al. 2018 [52] | Not specified | Not specified | Negative binomial regression model for DMFT adjusted for age, gender, education level, country for origin: Regression coefficient (standard error) was reported Ordered logistic regression for presence for plaque/presence of calculus adjusted for age, gender, education level, country of origin: OR (95% CI) were reported Multilevel mixed-effect generalized linear model for plaque/presence of calculus adjusted for age, gender, education level, country of origin: Regression coefficient (standard error) was reported |
Multivariate linear regression for dental knowledge/attitude and practice adjusted for gender, age, education level, country of origin: Regression coefficient (standard error) was reported |
| Van der Tas et al. 2017 [53] | Questionnaire [73] | Questionnaire [73] | Multinomial logistic regression model for dmft unadjusted for parents’ education level/employment status, household income, single parenting, teenage pregnancy: OR (95% CI) were reported |
/ |
| Van Meljeen-van Lunteren et al. 2019 [54] | Questionnaire [73] | Questionnaire [73] | / | Linear regression model for OHRQoL adjusted for age, gender, family income, education level, |
| Wigen et al. 2010 [55] | Questionnaire | Questionnaire | Bivariate logistic regression for dmft adjusted for parents’ education level, stratified by parents’ country of birth: OR (95% CI) were reported Multiple logistic regression (Nagelkerke R2) for dmft adjusted for parents’ oral health behavior/attitude for oral health: OR (95% CI) were reported |
/ |
CI = confidence interval.