Table 1.
Subgroup analyses of lifestyle intervention on diabetes incidence by TIDieR components.
| TIDieR Components | Studies a | Risk Ratio (95%CI) | I2 (%) | P for Subgroup Differences |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Use of theory | 0.958 | |||
| Yes | 18 | 0.71 (0.59, 0.85) | 32.5 | |
| No | 7 | 0.71 (0.61, 0.81) | 6.7 | |
| Intervention provider | 0.334 | |||
| With health professional | 16 | 0.73 (0.65, 0.81) | 5.6 | |
| Without health professional | 9 | 0.65 (0.48, 0.87) | 56.0 | |
| Intervention duration | 0.538 | |||
| Short (<12 months) | 9 | 0.64 (0.40, 1.02) | 0.0 | |
| Long (≥12 months) | 16 | 0.71 (0.62, 0.81) | 40.3 | |
| Number of sessions | 0.043 | |||
| Low (≤15 sessions) | 12 | 0.79 (0.69, 0.91) | 0.0 | |
| High (≥16 sessions) | 13 | 0.66 (0.57, 0.77) | 31.9 | |
| Delivery format | 0.492 | |||
| Group | 5 | 0.71 (0.50, 1.00) | 55.3 | |
| Individual | 11 | 0.77 (0.67, 0.88) | 0.0 | |
| Combined | 9 | 0.66 (0.48, 0.90) | 31.9 | |
| Technology (e.g., phone, website) | 0.177 | |||
| With technology | 14 | 0.77 (0.67, 0.90) | 2.7 | |
| In-person only | 11 | 0.68 (0.57, 0.80) | 32.0 | |
| Location of intervention | 0.899 | |||
| Researcher-based | 7 | 0.70 (0.60, 0.82) | 7.9 | |
| Participant-based | 16 | 0.69 (0.58, 0.83) | 33.3 | |
| Combined | 2 | 0.79 (0.03, 19.21) | 42.6 | |
| Tailoring | 0.224 | |||
| Yes | 19 | 0.70 (0.60, 0.81) | 40.6 | |
| No | 6 | 0.77 (0.71, 0.83) | 0.0 | |
| Fidelity | 0.868 | |||
| Low/medium | 10 | 0.70 (0.64, 0.78) | 0.0 | |
| High | 15 | 0.72 (0.57, 0.89) | 45.5 |
a Number of studies by ethnic groups.