Table 3.
TIDieR components and the effects of lifestyle intervention on diabetes incidence and body weight by ethnicity.
| Study | Ethnic Group | TIDieR Components | Effect | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theory Use | Intervention Provider | Intervention Duration | Number of Sessions | Delivery Format | Technology | Location | Tailoring | Fidelity | Diabetes Risk Reduction | Weight Loss | ||
| Aguiar et al. 2016 [27]; Rollo et al. 2017 [35] | European | Yes | No HP | Short | Low | Individual | Yes | P-based | Yes | High | NR | Sig |
| Block et al. 2015 [22]; Block et al. 2016 [36] | European | Yes | No HP | Short | High | Individual | Yes | P-based | Yes | High | Not sig | Sig |
| Cheung et al. 2019 [23] | European | Yes | HP | Short | High | Individual | Yes | P-based | Yes | High | NR | NR |
| Davies et al. 2016 [37] | European | Yes | HP | Long | Low | Combined | Yes | Combined | Yes | High | Not sig | Not sig |
| Duijzer et al. 2017 [31] | European | Yes | HP | Long | High | Combined | Yes | Combined | Yes | High | NR | Sig |
| Heideman et al. 2015 [32] | European | Yes | HP | Short | Low | Combined | Yes | Combined | Yes | High | NR | Not sig |
| Holmes et al. 2018 [38] | European | Yes | HP | Short | High | Combined | Yes | Combined | Yes | High | NR | Sig |
| Juul et al. 2016 [39] | European | Yes | HP | Short | Low | Group | No | R-based | Yes | Medium | NR | Not sig |
| Knowler et al. 2002 [4]; West et al. 2008 [30] | European | Yes | HP | Long | High | Combined | Yes | Combined | Yes | High | Sig | Sig |
| Kramer et al. 2015 [40] | European | Yes | HP | Short | High | Combined | Yes | P-based | Yes | High | NR | Sig |
| Kramer et al. 2018 [41] | European | Yes | HP | Short | High | Combined | Yes | P-based | Yes | High | NR | Sig |
| O’Reilly et al. 2016 [24]; O’Reilly et al. 2019 [42] | European | Yes | HP | Short | Low | Combined | Yes | P-based | Yes | High | Not sig | Not sig |
| Peacock et al. 2015 [43] | European | Yes | HP | Short | Low | Combined | Yes | Combined | Yes | High | NR | Sig |
| Roumen et al. 2008 [44]; Roumen et al. 2011 [45]; den Boer et al. 2013 [46] | European | No | HP | Long | High | Combined | No | R-based | Yes | Medium | Sig | Sig |
| Weinhold et al. 2015 [47]; Miller et al. 2015 [48]; Miller et al. 2016 [49] | European | Yes | HP | Short | High | Group | No | P-based | Yes | High | NR | Sig |
| Yates et al. 2017 [50] | European | Yes | HP | Long | Low | Combined | Yes | Combined | Yes | High | NR | Not sig |
| Block et al. 2015 [22]; Block et al. 2016 [36] | South Asian | Yes | No HP | Short | High | Individual | Yes | P-based | Yes | High | Not sig | Not sig |
| Cheung et al. 2019 [23] | South Asian | Yes | HP | Short | High | Individual | Yes | P-based | Yes | High | NR | NR |
| Fottrell et al. 2019 [51] | South Asian | Yes | No HP | Long | High | Group | No | P-based | Yes | High | Sig | Not sig |
| Islam et al. 2014 [52]; Lim et al. 2019 [53] | South Asian | Yes | No HP | Short | Low | Combined | Yes | P-based | Yes | Medium | NR | Sig |
| Limaye et al. 2017 [54] | South Asian | No | No HP | Long | High | Individual | Yes | P-based | No | High | NR | Sig |
| Muralidharan et al. 2019 [55] | South Asian | Yes | HP | Short | Low | Individual | Yes | P-based | No | High | Not sig | Sig |
| Nanditha et al. 2020 [56] | South Asian | Yes | No HP | Long | High | Individual | Yes | P-based | Yes | High | Not sig | NR |
| Patel et al. 2017 [57] | South Asian | Yes | HP | Short | Low | Group | Yes | P-based | Yes | Medium | NR | Not sig |
| Ramachandran et al. 2006 [6]; Snehalatha et al. 2008 [58] | South Asian | No | HP | Long | High | Individual | Yes | P-based | Yes | Low | Sig | Not sig |
| Ramachandran et al. 2013 [28]; Ram et al. 2014 [59]; Nanditha et al. 2018 [60] | South Asian | Yes | No HP | Long | High | Individual | Yes | P-based | Yes | High | Sig | NR |
| Thankappan et al. 2018 [61]; Lotfaliany et al. 2020 [62] | South Asian | Yes | HP | Long | Low | Group | No | P-based | Yes | High | Not sig | Not sig |
| Weber et al. 2016 [63] | South Asian | Yes | HP | Short | High | Group | No | R-based | No | Medium | Not sig | Sig |
| Aekplakorn et al. 2019 [34] | East and Southeast Asian | No | HP | Long | Low | Group | No | R-based | No | Medium | Sig | Sig |
| Bender et al. 2018 [64] | East and Southeast Asian | Yes | HP | Short | Low | Combined | Yes | Combined | Yes | Low | NR | Sig |
| Block et al. 2015 [22]; Block et al. 2016 [36] | East and Southeast Asian | Yes | No HP | Short | High | Individual | Yes | P-based | Yes | High | Not sig | Sig |
| Ibrahim et al. 2016 [33] | East and Southeast Asian | Yes | HP | Long | Low | Combined | Yes | P-based | Yes | High | Sig | Sig |
| Inouye et al. 2014 [29] | East and Southeast Asian | Yes | HP | Short | Low | Group | No | P-based | Yes | High | NR | Sig |
| Islam et al. 2013 [65] | East and Southeast Asian | Yes | No HP | Short | Low | Combined | Yes | P-based | Yes | Medium | NR | Not sig |
| Moungngern et al. 2018 [66] | East and Southeast Asian | Yes | HP | Short | Low | Combined | Yes | Combined | No | Low | NR | Not sig |
| Pan et al. 1995 [67]; Pan et al. 1997 [5]; Li et al. 2008 [68] | East and Southeast Asian | No | HP | Long | High | Combined | No | R-based | Yes | Medium | Sig | Not sig |
| Sakane et al. 2011 [69]; Sakane et al. 2014 [70] | East and Southeast Asian | Yes | HP | Long | Low | Combined | Yes | Combined | Yes | Medium | Not sig | Not sig |
| Shek et al. 2014 [71] | East and Southeast Asian | No | HP | Long | Low | Individual | No | R-based | Yes | Low | Not sig | NR |
| Wong et al. 2013 [72] | East and Southeast Asian | Yes | No HP | Long | High | Individual | Yes | P-based | No | High | Not sig | Not sig |
| Abujudeh et al. 2012 [73] | Middle Eastern | No | HP | Short | High | Group | No | P-based | No | Low | NR | Sig |
| Al-Hamdan et al. 2019 [74] | Middle Eastern | No | HP | Short | Low | Individual | No | R-based | Yes | Low | NR | NR |
| Amer et al. 2020 [75] | Middle Eastern | No | HP | Long | Low | Individual | No | R-based | Yes | Low | Not sig | Not sig |
| Zilberman-Kravits et al. 2018 [76] | Middle Eastern | No | HP | Long | Low | Combined | No | R-based | No | Low | Not sig | Not sig |
| Block et al. 2015 [22]; Block et al. 2016 [36] | Latin American | Yes | No HP | Short | High | Individual | Yes | P-based | Yes | High | Not sig | Not sig |
| Knowler et al. 2002 [4]; West et al. 2008 [30] | Latin American | Yes | HP | Long | High | Combined | Yes | Combined | Yes | High | Sig | Sig |
| Ockene et al. 2012 [77] | Latin American | Yes | No HP | Long | High | Combined | No | P-based | Yes | High | Not sig | Sig |
| Parikh et al. 2010 [78] | Latin American | Yes | No HP | Short | Low | Group | No | P-based | No | Medium | Not sig | Sig |
| Van Name et al. 2016 [79] | Latin American | Yes | HP | Short | Low | Group | No | P-based | No | Medium | Not sig | Sig |
| Auslander et al. 2000 [80]; Auslander et al. 2002 [25] | African | Yes | No HP | Short | Low | Combined | No | P-based | Yes | High | NR | Not sig |
| Bernstein et al. 2014 [26] | African | No | HP | Short | Low | Group | No | R-based | No | Medium | NR | Not sig |
| Knowler et al. 2002 [4]; West et al. 2008 [30] | African | Yes | HP | Long | High | Combined | Yes | Combined | Yes | High | Sig | Sig |
| O’Reilly et al. 2016 [24]; O’Reilly et al. 2019 [42] | African | Yes | HP | Short | Low | Combined | Yes | P-based | Yes | High | Not sig | Not sig |
HP, health professional; P, participant; R, researcher; NR, not reported; Sig, significant reduction in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.05).