Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants (N = 5899).
| Characteristic | Mean (SD) | N (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62.3 (6.6) | |
| <60 | 1972 (33.4) | |
| 60–64 | 1589 (26.9) | |
| 65–69 | 1392 (23.6) | |
| ≥70 | 946 (16.0) | |
| Sex, male | 2589 (43.9) | |
| School education | ||
| ≤9 years | 4298 (74.8) | |
| 10–11 years | 800 (13.9) | |
| ≥12 years | 645 (11.2) | |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never smokers | 2904 (50.7) | |
| Former smokers | 1871 (32.7) | |
| Current smokers | 949 (16.6) | |
| Moderate/high physical activity | 1883 (32.0) | |
| Regular intake of multivitamin supplements | 831 (14.4) | |
| Fish consumption (≥1 time/week) | 3714 (67.0) | |
| Hypertension | 2545 (43.3) | |
| Diabetes | 873 (15.0) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 1161 (19.7) | |
| Cancer | 370 (6.3) | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 491 (8.3) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.7 (4.4) | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 139.9 (19.6) | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 230.9 (42.2) | |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 4.2 (8.1) |
N (%) refers to the original data without imputation. Abbreviations: SD: standard deviation.