. 2021 Nov 12;10(11):2783. doi: 10.3390/foods10112783

Table 2.

Effects of calcium salt types, concentrations, and processing treatments on the meat color changes during the processing of beef sausages.

Traits	Calcium Salts	Processing	Salt Concentrations (%)				SE ^d	p-Value
Traits	Calcium Salts	Processing	0	0.2	0.4	0.7	SE ^d	p-Value
L*	CaCl₂	Ground beef	51.61 ^alz	51.61 ^alz	51.61 ^alz	51.61 ^alz	0.33	0.007
		Chopped batter	56.48 ^aly	56.18 ^amy	56.04 ^aly	56.08 ^aly
		Cooked sausage	62.33 ^bclx	63.30 ^alx	62.92 ^ablx	61.95 ^clx
	CaLac	Ground beef	51.61 ^alz	51.61 ^alz	51.61 ^alz	51.61 ^alz
		Chopped batter	56.48 ^bly	57.30 ^aly	55.47 ^cly	55.79 ^bcly
		Cooked sausage	62.33 ^ablx	61.82 ^bmx	62.81 ^alx	62.21 ^ablx
a*	CaCl₂	Ground beef	24.43 ^alx	24.43 ^alx	24.43 ^alx	24.43 ^alx	0.19	<0.001
		Chopped batter	9.07 ^alz	8.34 ^cmz	8.42 ^bclz	8.77 ^ablz
		Cooked sausage	13.55 ^aly	13.40 ^aly	12.57 ^bmy	11.48 ^cmy
	CaLac	Ground beef	24.43 ^alx	24.43 ^alx	24.43 ^alx	24.43 ^alx
		Chopped batter	9.07 ^alz	8.85 ^alz	7.96 ^bmz	7.66 ^bmz
		Cooked sausage	13.55 ^aly	13.65 ^aly	13.41 ^aly	13.40 ^aly
b*	CaCl₂	Ground beef	24.70 ^alx	24.70 ^alx	24.70 ^alx	24.70 ^alx	0.22	0.020
		Chopped batter	20.21 ^aly	19.75 ^aly	19.96 ^aly	19.75 ^aly
		Cooked sausage	12.40 ^alz	12.45 ^alz	12.34 ^alz	12.37 ^alz
	CaLac	Ground beef	24.70 ^alx	24.70 ^alx	24.70 ^alx	24.70 ^alx
		Chopped batter	20.21 ^bly	20.11 ^bly	18.85 ^amy	18.61 ^amy
		Cooked sausage	12.40 ^alz	12.53 ^alz	12.47 ^alz	12.32 ^alz
Chroma	CaCl₂	Ground beef	34.74 ^alx	34.74 ^alx	34.74 ^alx	34.74 ^alx	0.28	<0.001
		Chopped batter	22.15 ^aly	21.44 ^bly	21.66 ^bly	21.61 ^bly
		Cooked sausage	18.37 ^alz	18.29 ^alz	17.62 ^bmz	16.88 ^cmz
	CaLac	Ground beef	34.74 ^alx	34.74 ^alx	34.74 ^alx	34.74 ^alx
		Chopped batter	22.15 ^aly	21.97 ^aly	20.47 ^bmy	20.12 ^bmy
		Cooked sausage	18.37 ^alz	18.53 ^alz	18.32 ^alz	18.21 ^alz
Hue	CaCl₂	Ground beef	45.31 ^aly	45.31 ^aly	45.31 ^aly	45.31 ^alz	0.23	<0.001
		Chopped batter	65.85 ^blx	67.10 ^alx	67.14 ^alx	66.08 ^bmx
		Cooked sausage	42.46 ^clz	42.89 ^clz	44.50 ^blz	47.18 ^aly
	CaLac	Ground beef	45.31 ^aly	45.31 ^aly	45.31 ^aly	45.31 ^aly
		Chopped batter	65.85 ^blx	66.25 ^bmx	67.11 ^alx	67.63 ^alx
		Cooked sausage	42.46 ^alz	42.55 ^alz	42.92 ^amz	42.60 ^amz

^a–c Means within the same calcium salt type and processing treatment with different letters differ at p < 0.05. ^l,m Means within the same calcium salt concentration and processing treatment with different letters differ at p < 0.05. ^x–z Means within the same calcium salt concentration and calcium salt type with different letters differ at p < 0.05. ^d SE: Standard error.