Table 2.
Neonatal management characteristics for the first 72 h of life.
| Variable 1 | Overall (N = 404) |
Pre-Implementation Phase (N = 189) | Post-Implementation Phase (N = 215) | p Value 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endotracheal intubation | 114 (28.2%) | 51 (27.0%) | 63 (29.3%) | 0.66 |
| Premedication for intubation 3 | 102 (89.4%) | 43 (84.3%) | 59 (93.6%) | 0.30 |
| Surfactant administration | 148 (36.6%) | 61 (32.3%) | 87 (40.5%) | 0.10 |
| Abnormal pCO2 (<35 or ≥55 mmHg) | 286 (70.8%) | 137 (72.5%) | 149 (69.3%) | 0.44 |
| Abnormal pH (<7.2 or ≥7.4) | 214 (53%) | 96 (50.8%) | 118 (54.9%) | 0.36 |
| Need for inotropes | 21 (5.2%) | 10 (5.3%) | 11 (5.1%) | 1.00 |
| Need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 3 (0.7%) | 2 (1.1%) | 1 (0.5%) | 0.60 |
| Epinephrine administration for resuscitation | 2 (0.5%) | 2 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.22 |
| Bicarbonate infusion administration | 36 (8.9%) | 11 (5.8%) | 25 (11.6%) | 0.053 |
| Fluid bolus (normal saline ≥ 10 mL/kg) | 54 (13.4%) | 25 (13.2%) | 29 (13.5%) | 1.00 |
| Packed red blood cell transfusion | 64 (15.8%) | 20 (10.6%) | 44 (20.5%) | 0.009 |
| Prophylactic indomethacin | 94 (23.3%) | 30 (15.9%) | 64 (29.8%) | <0.001 |
| Need for echocardiography 4 | 78 (19.4%) | 33 (17.5%) | 45 (21.0%) | 0.38 |
| Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus | 28 (6.9%) | 14 (7.4%) | 14 (6.5%) | 0.84 |
| Medical treatment for patent ductus arteriosus | 18 (4.5%) | 10 (5.3%) | 8 (3.7%) | 0.48 |
| Blood glucose level (≤2.6 mmol/L) | 131 (32.4%) | 61 (32.3%) | 70 (32.6%) | 1.00 |
| Hypothermia (<36 °C) | 47 (11.6%) | 16 (8.5%) | 31 (14.4%) | 0.086 |
| Early-onset sepsis | 14 (3.5%) | 5 (2.6%) | 9 (4.2%) | 0.43 |
| Lumbar puncture performed | 18 (4.5%) | 9 (4.8%) | 9 (4.2%) | 0.81 |
| Platelet count < 100 × 109/L | 58 (14.4%) | 29 (15.3%) | 29 (13.5%) | 0.67 |
| First cranial ultrasound (<72 h of life) | 124 (30.7%) | 93 (49.2%) | 31 (14.4%) | <0.001 |
1 Results are presented as number, percentage. 2 Significance was assessed by Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and Student’s t-test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact tests for differences between dichotomous/polytomous variables. 3 Data available for 402 patients (189 pre- and 213 post-implementation). 4 Data available for 403 patients (188 pre- and 214 post-implementation).