Figure 9.

Eradication of P. aeruginosa mature biofilm by PG-AuNPs and PG-ZnONPs. (A) OD₅₇₀ measurements of biofilm cells after staining with crystal violet and (B) CFU values of biofilm cells. The mature biofilm was allowed to form by growing the cell culture (OD 0.05). The mature biofilm of the bacterial cell was treated with varying concentrations of PG-AuNPs and PG-ZnONPs, and then incubated at 37 °C. Crystal violet staining and the measuring of CFU values were used to quantify the cells remaining following the dispersion impact of NPs. ***, **, and * denote significance at p < 0.0001, p < 0.01, and p < 0.05, whereas ns denotes non-significance.