Table 1.
Demographics and characteristics of the participants at enrollment (n = 32).
| Characteristics | n (%) or Mean ± SD |
|---|---|
| Non-Hispanic White | |
| No | 19 (59.4%) |
| Yes | 13 (40.6%) |
| Education | |
| High school diploma or equivalent | 1 (3.1%) |
| Some college | 3 (9.4%) |
| College degree or higher | 28 (87.5%) |
| Age | 31.6 ± 3.9 years |
| BMI | 27.5 ± 6.4 |
| Gestational age | 72.3 ± 15.6 days |
| Constipation a, b | |
| No | 2 (13.3%) |
| Yes | 13 (86.7%) |
| Nausea times per day | 7.0 ± 5.5 |
| Nausea hours per day b | 10.3 ± 6.6 |
| Nausea score (1–5) | 3.6 ± 0.9 |
| Vomiting times c | 2.0 ± 1.3 |
| Vomiting score (1–5) c | 2.8 ± 1.0 |
a Constipation is defined as yes to any one of the questions listed below: Stools are hard, difficult to pass, or not all passed. b Constipation status and nausea hours were measured in 15 enrolled patients. c Only participants who had vomiting during enrollment were included (n = 12).