Table 3.
Parameters associated with in-hospital mortality (panel A) and 1-year mortality (panel B).
| A | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | In-Hospital Mortality | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis |
|||
|
Survived (n = 305) |
Deceased
(n = 32) |
Odds Ratio (95% C.I.) | p-Value ^ | Odds Ratio (95% C.I.) | p-Value | |
| Age | 64 (50–73) | 68 (55–75) | 0.113 | |||
| Gender: | ||||||
| Male | 213 (69.84) | 24 (75) | 0.77 (0.33–1.78) | 0.685 | ||
| Female | 92 (30.16) | 8 (25) | ||||
| IE etiology: | 0.004 | 1.57 (1.16–2.13) | 0.003 | |||
| S. aureus | 47 (15.4) | 6 (18.75) | ||||
| Coagulase-negative Staphylococci | 55 (18.03) | 8 (25) | ||||
| Streptococci | 95 (31.1) | 2 (6.25) | ||||
| Enterococci | 48 (15.7) | 4 (12.5) | ||||
| Gram negatives | 10 (3.2) | 4 (12.5) | ||||
| Other pathogens | 6 (1.9) | 3 (9.3) | ||||
| Negative cultures | 44 (14.4) | 5 (15.7) | ||||
| Infection type: | (n = 218) | (n = 20) | 4.10 (1.51–11.10) | 0.004 | 10.49 (2.79–39.48) | 0.001 |
| Native | 139 (63.7) | 6 (30) | ||||
| Prosthetic | 79 (36.3) | 14 (70) | ||||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | (n = 180) 5 (3–7) |
(n = 18) 6 (4–7) |
0.253 | |||
| Embolic event *: | 1.19 (0.55–2.57) | 0.689 | ||||
| Yes | 93 (30.5) | 11 (34.4) | ||||
| No | 212 (69.5) | 21 (65.6) | ||||
| Intracardiac abscess | 2.34 (0.98–5.58) | 0.059 | ||||
| Yes | 38 (12.4) | 8 (25) | ||||
| No | 267 (87.6) | 24 (75) | ||||
| Surgery indication: | (n = 303) | (n = 32) | 3.83 (1.13–12.90) | 0.020 | 14.07 (2.68–73.80) | 0.002 |
| Yes | 217 (71.6) | 29 (90.6) | ||||
| No | 86 (28.4) | 3 (9.4) | ||||
| D-dimers, ng/mL | 582 (274–1041) | 869 (498–1927) | 0.012 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.005 | |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 407 (324–535) | 419 (299–527) | 0.933 | |||
| PT-INR | 1.30 (1.15–1.70) | 1.50 (1.22–2.6) | 0.013 | 1.61 (0.94–2.74) | 0.077 | |
| aPTT, seconds | 32.3 (29.6–37.8) | 36.6 (31.5–43) | 0.090 | |||
| Platelet count, cells 103/μL | 204 (152–262) | 201 (103–279) | 0.398 | |||
| Homocysteine, mcmol/L | 15 (12–20) | 15 (12–22) | 0.886 | |||
| B | ||||||
| Parameter | 1-Year Mortality | Univariate Analysis |
Multivariate Logistic
Regression Analysis |
|||
|
Survived
(n = 191) |
Deceased
(n = 76) |
Odds Ratio (95% C.I.) | p-Value ^ | Odds Ratio (95% C.I.) | p-Value | |
| Age | 62 (49–73) | 65 (55–75) | 0.058 | |||
| Gender: | 0.81 (0.45–1.46) | 0.558 | ||||
| Male | 130 (68.1) | 55 (72.3) | ||||
| Female | 61 (31.9) | 21 (27.7) | ||||
| IE etiology: | 0.017 | 1.34 (0.92–1.96) | 0.123 | |||
| S. aureus | 25 (13.1) | 12 (15.8) | ||||
| Coagulase-negative Staphylococci | 34 (17.8) | 18 (23.7) | ||||
| Streptococci | 69 (36.1) | 12 (15.8) | ||||
| Enterococci | 34 (17.8) | 11 (14.5) | ||||
| Gram negatives | 6 (3.1) | 5 (6.6) | ||||
| Other pathogens | 3 (1.6) | 3 (3.9) | ||||
| Negative cultures | 20 (10.5) | 15 (19.7) | ||||
| Infection type: | (n = 141) | (n = 51) | 2.18 (1.13–4.17) | 0.020 | 12.90 (3.02–55.09) | 0.001 |
| Native | 93 (66) | 24 (47) | ||||
| Prosthetic | 48 (34) | 27 (53) | ||||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | (n = 110) 5 (2–7) |
(n = 36) 6 (4.2–7) |
0.009 | 1.32 (1.00–1.74) | 0.049 | |
| Embolic event *: | 0.76 (0.42–1.37) | 0.461 | ||||
| Yes | 61 (32) | 20 (26.3) | ||||
| No | 130 (68) | 56 (73.7) | ||||
| Intracardiac abscess | 1.37 (0.66–1.84) | 0.439 | ||||
| Yes | 25 (15.5) | 13 (17.1) | ||||
| No | 136 (84.5) | 63 (82.9) | ||||
| Surgery indication: | 3.83 (1.13–12.90) | 0.005 | 2.59 (4.515–235.17) | 0.001 | ||
| Yes | 133 (70) | 66 (86.8) | ||||
| No | 57 (30) | 10 (13.2) | ||||
| D-dimers, ng/mL | 567 (315–1028) | 667 (290–1326) | 0.390 | |||
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 424 (331–567) | 438 (322–546) | 0.821 | |||
| PT-INR | 1.30 (1.15–1.60) | 1.30 (1.20–2.28) | 0.078 | |||
| aPTT, seconds | 32.3 (30.1–37.6) | 36.6 (31.5–44) | 0.021 | 1.09 (1.02–1.17) | 0.012 | |
| Platelet count, cells 10 3/μL | 209 (154–275) | 201 (143–266) | 0.275 | |||
| Homocysteine, μmol/L | 14.2 (11.4–19) | 16 (12–22) | 0.059 | |||
Data are presented as median with interquartile range (IQR) or as number and percentage (%). ^ The p-value was generated by Fisher’s exact test or Pearson chi-square test for categorical variables, and Mann–Whitney for numerical variables; * includes stroke. Abbreviations: aPTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; IE: infective endocarditis; PT-INR: prothrombin time international normalized ratio. Statistically significant values are marked in bold.