Table 1.
Medians, and 10th (P10) and 90th (P90) percentiles of urinary excretion (μmol/24 h) of (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, and their sum according to sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics in a subsample (n = 419) of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.
| (+)-Catechin | (-)-Epicatechin | Sum of (+)-Catechin + (-)-Epicatechin | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | N a | n b | Median | P10 | P90 | n b | Median | P10 | P90 | Median | P10 | P90 |
| All | 419 | 22 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.39 | 18 | 0.23 | 0.08 | 0.58 | 0.34 | 0.12 | 0.93 |
| Center | ||||||||||||
| Paris (FRA) | 67 | 2 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.41 | 2 | 0.28 | 0.10 | 0.61 | 0.45 | 0.17 | 0.97 |
| Florence (ITA) | 45 | 3 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.26 | 3 | 0.18 | 0.05 | 0.34 | 0.25 | 0.07 | 0.55 |
| Varese (ITA) | 51 | 2 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.31 | 3 | 0.21 | 0.10 | 0.45 | 0.33 | 0.12 | 0.74 |
| Ragusa (ITA) | 17 | 1 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.25 | 3 | 0.19 | 0.08 | 0.35 | 0.27 | 0.05 | 0.51 |
| Turin (ITA) | 42 | 0 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.67 | 2 | 0.25 | 0.10 | 0.61 | 0.45 | 0.17 | 1.47 |
| Naples (ITA) | 20 | 1 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.39 | 0 | 0.17 | 0.06 | 0.36 | 0.20 | 0.09 | 0.63 |
| Heidelberg (GER) | 59 | 7 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.48 | 1 | 0.29 | 0.09 | 0.87 | 0.41 | 0.10 | 1.18 |
| Potsdam (GER) | 118 | 6 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.36 | 4 | 0.26 | 0.10 | 0.58 | 0.35 | 0.15 | 0.85 |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Men | 171 | 10 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.42 | 5 | 0.27 | 0.10 | 0.61 | 0.40 | 0.16 | 1.05 |
| Women | 248 | 12 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.38 | 13 | 0.21 | 0.08 | 0.53 | 0.32 | 0.11 | 0.86 |
| Age (y) | ||||||||||||
| <50 | 135 | 6 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.37 | 6 | 0.22 | 0.08 | 0.63 | 0.32 | 0.12 | 0.98 |
| 50–60 | 188 | 8 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.42 | 7 | 0.23 | 0.08 | 0.58 | 0.36 | 0.12 | 0.94 |
| >60 | 96 | 8 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.42 | 5 | 0.23 | 0.12 | 0.56 | 0.35 | 0.16 | 0.85 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||||||
| <25 | 201 | 15 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.39 | 10 | 0.21 | 0.08 | 0.58 | 0.34 | 0.10 | 0.90 |
| 25 to <30 | 160 | 5 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 7 | 0.25 | 0.09 | 0.59 | 0.37 | 0.15 | 0.98 |
| ≥30 | 58 | 2 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.33 | 1 | 0.23 | 0.09 | 0.57 | 0.32 | 0.14 | 0.88 |
| Smoking status c | ||||||||||||
| Never smoked | 211 | 12 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.36 | 9 | 0.23 | 0.09 | 0.61 | 0.33 | 0.13 | 0.95 |
| Former smoker | 120 | 4 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.42 | 5 | 0.23 | 0.09 | 0.53 | 0.37 | 0.12 | 0.89 |
| Current smoker | 78 | 6 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.36 | 3 | 0.20 | 0.06 | 0.51 | 0.29 | 0.08 | 0.80 |
| 24-HDR total energy intake (kcal/day) |
||||||||||||
| <1750 | 112 | 2 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.41 | 4 | 0.23 | 0.08 | 0.53 | 0.33 | 0.13 | 0.92 |
| 1750–2375 | 156 | 11 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.37 | 10 | 0.21 | 0.08 | 0.57 | 0.32 | 0.10 | 0.88 |
| >2375 | 151 | 9 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.36 | 4 | 0.24 | 0.10 | 0.60 | 0.37 | 0.15 | 0.99 |
a Number of total participants (including consumers and non-consumers) within the corresponding category; b subjects <LOQ. c Data from ten participants were not available. Abbreviations: 24-HDR, 24-h dietary recall, FRA, France, ITA, Italy, GER, Germany.