Table 4.

Results of Mendelian randomization and mediation analyses of steroid hormones on CAD via obesity-related traits. First, the causal effects of the steroid hormones on the obesity-related mediators are provided (“α”). Then, the causal effects of the hormones on CAD are provided (“τ”). The indirect effect (“indir”) is the product of α and the causal effect of the obesity-related mediator on CAD taken from Zhang et al. [20]. Finally, the direct effect of the steroid hormone on CAD is calculated as the difference between τ and the indirect effect (“dir”). Significant causal effects are displayed in bold.

Exposure	Mediator	Set	α	p (α)	τ	p (τ)	indir	p (indir)	dir	p (dir)
17-OHP	BMI	a	0.059	1.24 × 10−05	−0.108	1.06 × 10−02	0.010	5.97 × 10−03	−0.118	5.30 × 10−03
17-OHP	WHR	a	−0.063	8.98 × 10−06	−0.108	1.06 × 10−02	−0.013	1.24 × 10−02	−0.095	2.60 × 10−02
17-OHP	WHR	f	0.085	1.16 × 10−07	−0.095	7.79 × 10−03	0.018	8.58 × 10−03	−0.113	1.93 × 10−03
DHEAS	BMI	a	0.081	7.97 × 10−08	0.041	3.72 × 10−01	0.014	3.14 × 10−03	0.027	5.61 × 10−01
DHEAS	BMI	m	0.106	7.61 × 10−07	0.066	1.43 × 10−01	0.018	4.01 × 10−03	0.047	2.96 × 10−01
DHEAS	BMI	f	0.051	2.36 × 10−03	0.029	4.60 × 10−01	0.009	2.11 × 10−02	0.020	6.07 × 10−01
DHEAS	WHR	a	0.041	8.75 × 10−03	0.041	3.72 × 10−01	0.009	4.75 × 10−02	0.032	4.83 × 10−01
E2	WHR	a	−0.150	1.13 × 10−11	0.021	7.60 × 10−01	−0.031	5.70 × 10−03	0.052	4.53 × 10−01
E2	WHR	m	−0.213	2.56 × 10−12	0.020	7.60 × 10−01	−0.044	5.47 × 10−03	0.064	3.33 × 10−01
T	WHR	a	−0.136	1.78 × 10−05	−0.203	2.76 × 10−02	−0.028	1.34 × 10−02	−0.175	6.01 × 10−02
T/E2	WHR	a	0.112	1.13 × 10−11	−0.016	7.60 × 10−01	0.023	5.70 × 10−03	−0.039	4.53 × 10−01
T/E2	WHR	m	0.139	2.56 × 10−12	−0.013	7.60 × 10−01	0.029	5.47 × 10−03	−0.042	3.33 × 10−01