Figure 6.

Design and construction of photonic crystal (PC)-based intact virus detection platform. (a) The bottom surface of PC biosensor microplate wells comprises a nanostructured subwavelength grating coated with TiO₂. (b) Binding events within the close vicinity of the sensing area change the bulk index of refraction; thus, the reflected light’s peak wavelength value (PWV) is altered. The shift in the peak wavelength (ΔPWV) is directly proportional to the binding of molecules and bioagents (e.g., cells and viruses) onto the biosensing surface (adapted with permission from Shafiee et al., Nature Reports 2014 [65]).