Table 4.
Photonic technique-based sensing platform for viral infection.
| S. No. | Antigen/Analyte | Bio-Element | Real Sample | Detection Range | LOD | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Rotavirus | Secondary fluorescent Ab | - | 6.35 µg mL−1 to 1.27 mg mL−1 |
2.54 µg mL−1 | [24] |
| 2. | Epstein–Barr virus (EBNA-1) protein | EBNA-1 Antibody | PBS | 0.0–10.0 µg mL−1 | 1.0 × 10−3 µg mL−1 | [22] |
| 3. | HIV-1 | Antibody | PBS Plasma |
104–108 copies mL−1 102–107 copies mL−1 |
- | [65] |
| 4. | DENV E Protein | Antibody | BSA/PBS | 1.0 pM–1.0 nM | 1.0 pM | [207] |
| 5. | Influenza Virus | Antibody | Human Saliva | 1 pg mL−1–100 ng mL−1 | 1.0 ng mL−1 | [23] |
| 6. | SARS-CoV-2 | Antibody | Human Serum | - | 26.7 ng mL−1 | [208] |
| 7. | Human Papillomavirus virus-like particles (VLPs) | Antibody | Buffer and Serum (10%) | 0.70–5.80 nM | 1.5 nM | [209] |
| 8. | Rotavirus | Rotavirus Antibody | Water | 102–105 PFU/mL | <103 PFU/mL | [210] |