Table 2.
Potential urine proteome markers in different nephropathies.
| Potential Urine Protein Marker | Nephropaty | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CKD | FSGS | MCD | MN | IgAN | LN | DN | |
| α-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) | ↑ [45] | ↑ [48,53,54] | ↑ [48,50] | ↑ [54,57,58,82] | ↑ [54,61,62,64,65] | ↑ [67] | ↑ [71,73] |
| Serum albumin | ↑ [45] | ↑ [64] | ↑ [67] | ↑ [72,74] | |||
| Hemoglobin | ↑ [45] | ↓ [54] | |||||
| Fibrinogen α chain | ↑ [45] | ↓ [54] | |||||
| Uromodulin | ↑ [45] | ↓ [54] | ↑ [54] | ↑ [54,58] | ↓ [61] | ↑ [54] | ↓ [54,72] |
| Na+/K+-ATPase γ chain | ↑ [45] | ↑ [54] | |||||
| Membrane-associated progesterone receptor component 1 | ↑ [45] | ||||||
| Collagens | ↓ [45] ↑ [47] |
↑ [54] | ↑ [54] | ↓ [45,62,72] | ↑ [54] | ↓ [72] | |
| Cathepsin D | ↑ [47] | ||||||
| MMP-2 | ↑ [47] | ||||||
| MMP-14 | ↑ [47] | ||||||
| Collagenase 3 | ↑ [47] | ||||||
| α-2-HS-glycoprotein | ↑ [47] | ↑ [54] | ↑ [71] | ||||
| Fetuin-A | ↑ [47] | ||||||
| Cathepsin B | ↑ [94] | ||||||
| Cathepsin C | ↑ [94] | ||||||
| Annexin A3 | ↑ [94] | ||||||
| Transferrin | ↑ [48] | ↑ [48] | |||||
| Histatin-3 | ↑ [48] | ↑ [48] | |||||
| 39S ribosomal protein L17 (FSGS/MCD) | ↓ [48] | ↑ [48] | |||||
| Calretinin (FSGS/MCD) | ↑ [48] | ↓ [48] | |||||
| UBA52 (FSGS/MCD) | ↑ [49] | ↓ [49] | |||||
| Cadherin-like 26 | ↑ [50] | ||||||
| RNase A Family 1 | ↑ [50] | ||||||
| DIS3-like exonuclease 1 | ↑ [50] | ||||||
| CD14 | ↑ [50] | ||||||
| Complement C9 | ↑ [50] | ↑ [59] | |||||
| Apolipoprotein A1 | ↑ [51] | ↓ [71], ↑ [54,74] |
|||||
| Matrix-remodeling protein 8 | ↑ [51] | ||||||
| Dipeptidase 1 (DPEP1) | ↓ [52] | ||||||
| CD59 | ↑ [52] | ||||||
| CD44 | ↑ [52] | ↑ [50] | ↑ [36] | ||||
| Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 | ↑ [52] | ||||||
| Roundabout homolog 4 | ↑ [52] | ||||||
| Clusterin | ↓ [54] | ↓ [54] | ↑ [54] | ↑ [54] | |||
| Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor | ↓ [54] | ||||||
| Golgi-associated olfactory signaling regulator | ↓ [54] | ||||||
| Apolipoprotein C-IV | ↑ [54] | ↑ [54] | |||||
| β-2-microglobulin | ↓ [54] | ↑ [54] | ↑ [76] | ||||
| Complement C3 | ↓ [54] | [55] | ↑ [63] | ||||
| Retinol-binding protein 4 | [55] | [117] | [55] | ||||
| SH3 domain-binding glutamic acid-rich-like protein 3 | [55] | [55] | |||||
| Thyroxine-binding globulin (SERPINA7) | ↑ [50] | ||||||
| Lysosome membrane protein-2 | ↑ [105] | ||||||
| Afamin | ↑ [55,57,101] | ||||||
| α-1B-glycoprotein | ↑ [54] | ↑ [64] | ↑ [71] | ||||
| Plasminogen | ↑ [54] | ||||||
| Zinc finger protein ZFPM2 | ↓ [54] | ||||||
| E1A-binding protein | ↓ [54] | ||||||
| Microtubule-associated protein tauAP-3 complex subunit delta-1 | ↓ [54] | ||||||
| LDB3 | ↑ [100] | ||||||
| PDLI5 | ↑ [100] | ||||||
| Ig kappa chain C region | ↑ [59] | ↑ [74] | |||||
| Cytoskeletal keratins type I (10) and type 2 (1, 5) | ↑ [59] | ||||||
| ICAM1 | ↑ [60] | ||||||
| Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 | ↑ [60] | ||||||
| Antitrombin III | ↑ [60,63] | ||||||
| Adiponectin | ↑ [60] | ||||||
| α-2-macroglobulin | ↑ [63] | ||||||
| Ceruloplasmin | ↑ [63,65] | ↑ [73] | |||||
| Complement C4a | ↑ [63] | ||||||
| Haptoglobin | ↑ [63] | ↑ [68] | ↑ [75] | ||||
| Prothrombin | ↑ [63] | ||||||
| LG3 fragment of endorepellin | ↓ [64] | ||||||
| Glycoprotein 2 | ↑ [36] | ||||||
| Vasorin | ↑ [36] ↓ [65] | ||||||
| Epidermal growth factor | ↑ [36] | ||||||
| CMRF35-like molecule 9 | ↑ [36] | ||||||
| Protocadherin | ↑ [36] | ||||||
| Utreoglobin | ↑ [36] | ||||||
| Dipeptidyl peptidase IV | ↑ [36] | ||||||
| NHL repeat-containing protein 3 | ↑ [36] | ||||||
| SLAM family member 5 (CD84) | ↑ [36] | ||||||
| Aminopeptidase N | ↓ [65] | ||||||
| Fibulin-5 | ↓ [108] | ||||||
| YIP1 family member 3 | ↓ [108] | ||||||
| Prasoposin | ↓ [108] | ||||||
| Osteopontin | ↓ [108] | ↑ [110] | |||||
| Small proline-rich protein 3 | ↑ [108] | ↓ [54] | |||||
| Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 25 | ↑ [54] | ↓ [54] | |||||
| 3340 and 39110 (m/z) | ↑ [66] | ||||||
| Hepcidin | ↑ [67] | ||||||
| Protein S89-A9 | ↑ [54] | ||||||
| α-1 anti-chymotrypsin (SERPINA3) | ↑ [68,69] | ||||||
| Retinol binding protein | ↑ [68] | ↓ [71] | |||||
| Zinc-α2-glycoprotein | ↑ [71,74] | ||||||
| Vitamin D-binding protein | ↑ [71] | ||||||
| Calgranulin B | ↑ [71] | ||||||
| Hemopexin | ↑ [71] | ||||||
| Transthyretin | ↓ [71,74] | ||||||
| α-1 microglobulin/bikunin precursor (AMBP) | ↓ [71] ↑ [74,75] |
||||||
| 408 N-linked glycoproteins | ↑ [73] | ||||||
| Cystatin C | ↑ [74] | ||||||
| Ubiquitin | ↑ [74] | ||||||
| α-1-acid glycoprotein 1 | ↑ [74] | ||||||
| Pigment epithelium-derived factor | ↑ [74] | ||||||
| Clara cell protein CC16 | ↑ [76] | ||||||
| Fibronectin | ↑ [110] | ||||||
The gray background indicates the most potential markers identified for specific nephropathy in at least 2 studies.