Table 1.
Target | Experimental Evidence | Target Genes | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Virus | dsRNA + clay resulted in BCMV virus resistance for 20 d | Nib and CP genes of BCMV | [24] |
TMV Tobacco virus resistance for 7–20 d | CP, P126, RP of TMV | [25,26] | |
Fungi | Inhibits Botrytis cinerea disease | DCL1, DCL2 of Botrytis cinerea | [27] |
Efficiently inhibited Fusarium graminearum | CYP51A, CYP51B, CYP51C of F. graminearum | [28] | |
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum/Botrytis cinerea | mRNA splicing, ribosome biogenesis, protein disulfide oxidoreductase, peroxisomal protein | [27] | |
Fusarium asiaticum, Botrytis cinerea, Magnaporthe oryzae, Colletotrichum truncatum | β2-tubulin | [29] | |
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense and Mycosphaerella fijiensi, Fusarium | adenylate cyclase, DNA polymerase alpha subunit/delta subunit/CYP51 | [30,31] | |
Nematodes | Caenorhabditis elegans, Radopholus similis, Meloidogyne artiellia, Meloidogyne incognita, Globodera pallida | Several genes such as 16D10 peptide, chitin synthase, xylanase, glutathione-S- transferase, FMRF-like peptides | [18,32,33,34,35,36] |
Insects | Coleopterans are highly sensitive, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera have different responses. | Several genes such as salivary protein C002, 16D10, αCOP, Cytochrome P450, Acetylcholinesterase, ABC transporter, β-actin, chitin synthase B | [37,38,39,40,41,42] |
Endogenous plant genes | Arabidopsis, Tobacco, poplar, rice | Transgenes/CHS/EPSPS/STM/WER/MYB1/WRKY23 | [43] |
BCMV: potyvirus bean common mosaic virus, TMV: tobacco mosaic virus.