Table 1.
Participant demographic and morning hydration values.
| Demographic Data 1 | USG Values | Hydration Classification 2 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Age (Years) | Height (cm) | Mass (kg) | BMI (kg/m2) | Morning USG | Morning Urine Color | ≤1.020 3 | >1.020 3 | ≤1.025 4 | >1.025 4 | |
| Badminton | 13 | 14.5 (0.9) | 169.2 (10.7) | 58.1 (10.7) | 20.2 (2.4) | 1.019 (0.007) | 4.5 (1.9) | 8 (61.5) | 5 (38.5) | 11 (84.6) | 2 (15.4) |
| Bowling | 10 | 14.6 (0.5) | 168.9 (8.1) | 60.4 (10.0) | 21.1 (2.8) | 1.020 (0.005) | 4.2 (1.9) | 6 (60.0) | 4 (40.0) | 8 (80) | 2 (20) |
| Fencing | 11 | 13.8 (1.2) | 168.5 (8.1) | 59.5 (13.3) | 20.8 (3.8) | 1.024 (0.005) | 3.7 (1.7) | 3 (27.3) | 8 (72.7) | 7 (63.6) | 4 (36.4) |
| Football | 11 | 13.0 (0.0) | 155.1 (5.0) | 47.2 (4.6) | 19.6 (1.5) | 1.021 (0.010) | 4.2 (1.9) | 4 (36.4) | 7 (63.6) | 7 (63.6) | 4 (36.4) |
| Netball | 11 | 13.5 (0.5) | 165.5 (5.7) | 56.1 (10.4) | 20.5 (3.5) | 1.018 (0.008) | 3.5 (2.4) | 7 (63.6) | 4 (36.4) | 9 (81.8) | 2 (18.2) |
| Pistol | 9 | 14.1 (1.4) | 163.0 (11.3) | 56.0 (11.8) | 20.8 (2.2) | 1.013 (0.007) | 2.8 (2.2) | 7 (77.8) | 2 (22.2) | 8 (88.9) | 1 (11.1) |
| Rifle | 5 | 15.2 (1.1) | 165.2 (6.6) | 56.9 (9.7) | 20.8 (2.9) | 1.018 (0.006) | 3.6 (1.1) | 3 (60.0) | 2 (40.0) | 5 (100) | 0 (0) |
| Swimming | 8 | 13.5 (0.5) | 162.4 (7.9) | 52.8 (4.9) | 20.1 (1.5) | 1.015 (0.006) | 3.0 (1.7) | 7 (87.5) | 1 (12.5) | 8 (100) | 0 (0) |
| Table Tennis | 6 | 14.5 (1.4) | 167.5 (7.2) | 62.2 (3.6) | 22.3 (2.3) | 1.018 (0.005) | 2.5 (0.8) | 4 (66.7) | 2 (33.3) | 6 (100) | 0 (0) |
| Track & Field-LD | 13 | 14.5 (1.1) | 166.3 (7.8) | 51.5 (8.8) | 18.5 (2.4) | 1.016 (0.007) | 2.5 (1.8) | 8 (61.5) | 5 (38.5) | 11 (84.6) | 2 (15.4) |
| Track & Field-SD | 8 | 14.3 (1.0) | 166.5 (7.5) | 58.0 (8.6) | 20.8 (1.6) | 1.024 (0.006) | 5.5 (1.8) | 2 (25.0) | 6 (75.0) | 4 (50) | 4 (50) |
| Female | 39 | 14.1 (0.9) | 163.6 (7.7) | 53.5 (8.3) | 20.0 (2.6) | 1.018 (0.007) | 3.6 (2.0) | 23 (59.0) | 16 (41.0) | 33 (84.6) | 6 (15.4) |
| Male | 66 | 14.1 (1.1) | 166.3 (9.2) | 57.3 (10.7) | 20.6 (2.7) | 1.020 (0.007) | 3.7 (2.0) | 36 (54.5) | 30 (45.5) | 51 (77.3) | 15 (22.7) |
| Overall | 105 | 14.1 (1.0) | 165.3 (8.8) | 55.9 (10.0) | 20.3 (2.6) | 1.019 (0.007) | 3.7 (2.0) | 59 (56.2) | 46 (43.8) | 84 (80) | 21 (20) |
Abbreviations: USG = urine-specific gravity; LD = long distance (>400 m distance events); SD = short distance (≤400 m distance events). Note: 1 Data expressed as mean (SD); 2 Data presented as n (%), where n = number of observations across the sport and gender; 3 Classifications based on the National Athletic Trainers’ Association position statement [16]; euhydrated ≤ 1.020; hypohydrated > 1.020; 4 Classifications based on previous recommendations to raise hypohydration classification thresholds to USG > 1.025 to increase the specificity in detection [17].