Figure 4.

Th2 cytokine mRNA response in A3 cells (immortalised human normal trophoblast) and Jar (human choriocarcinoma) cell lines infected with two different Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) strains. Both cell lines were infected at a multiplicity of infection of 1 and cell lysates were harvested at 6 or 24 h post-infection (hpi). The total cellular RNA was extracted from harvested cell lysates and used for detection of interleukin (IL)-4 (A) and IL-5 (B) RNA by using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) with TaqMan^® FAM/MGB probe assays. Experiments were performed in triplicate and repeated two times with similar results. The symbol plus error bar indicates the mean ± standard deviation. Statistical significance was determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) plus Dunnett’s post hoc analysis. The data from 24 hpi was used for multiple group comparison and the significance of p values is indicated by the asterisks; red line = mock vs. wt ZH548; green line = mock vs. ΔNSs::Katushka; black line = wt ZH548 vs. ΔNSs::Katushka (**** p < 0.0001, NS = not significant).