Table 2.
A list of GSK3α/β post-translational modification sites with known modifiers, consequences or significant homology between isoforms.
| GSK3α | GSK3β | Modification | Enzyme or Treatment/Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| T19 | - | phosphorylation | Unknown; induces inhibition of kinase activity |
| S21 | S9 | phosphorylation | AKT/PKC/RSK/Aurora (GSK3β only); induces inhibition of kinase activity |
| S41 | - | phosphorylation | MG132 withdrawal; unknown |
| S52 | - | phosphorylation | MEK inhibition; unknown |
| S63 | - | phosphorylation | MEK inhibition; unknown |
| - | S21 | phosphorylation | 5, 7-dihydroxyflavone (chrysin); apoptosis induced |
| - | S25 | phosphorylation | MG132 withdrawal; unknown |
| S97 | S35 | phosphorylation | MG132 withdrawal; unknown |
| - | T43 | phosphorylation | p38α/ERK; activation of enzymatic activity |
| - | Y56 | phosphorylation | MET; activation of enzymatic activity |
| Y134 | Y71 | phosphorylation | Unknown; unknown |
| - | K86 | ubiquitination | Unknown; activation of enzymatic activity |
| - | S147 | phosphorylation | PKCζ; activation of enzymatic activity |
| K246 | K183 | ubiquitination | Unknown; degradation of protein |
| K260 | K197 | ubiquitination | Unknown; inhibition of enzymatic activity |
| K268 | K205 | ubiquitination; acetylation | siRNA; subcellular localization and phosphorylation altered |
| S278 | S215 | phosphorylation | IL3, serum; unknown |
| Y279 | Y216 | phosphorylation | GSK3/MEK; activation of enzymatic activity |
| S282 | S219 | phosphorylation | MEK inhibition; unknown |
| Y284 | Y221 | phosphorylation | Unknown; unknown |
| Y285 | Y222 | phosphorylation | Unknown; unknown |
| K355 | K292 | ubiquitination; sumoylation | Unknown; unknown |
| - | S389 | phosphorylation | p38α; intracellular localization |
| - | T390 | phosphorylation | p38α; activation of enzymatic activity |
| - | T392 | phosphorylation | Nocodazole; unknown |
| - | T402 | phosphorylation | Nocodazole; unknown |
| - | T420 | phosphorylation | MG132 withdrawal; unknown |
All information was retrieved from the PhosphoSitePlus database under the sites table page at the following: https://www.phosphosite.org/proteinAction.action?id=603&showAllSites=true and https://www.phosphosite.org/proteinAction.action?id=604&showAllSite=true (accessed on 17 November 2021). Ref. [62]. Homologous post-translationally modified sites were aligned using a comparative NCBI Protein Blast search.