Table 2.

Occurrence of AOH, AME, TeA and TEN in urine samples in the Yangtze River Delta, China.

Mycotoxins	All (n = 269)	Shanghai (n = 93)	Nanjing (n = 86)	Hangzhou (n = 90)	p-Value a
AOH
Frequency % (n)	38.3 (103)	36.6 (34)	30.2 (26)	47.8 (43)
Mean ± SD (ng/mL)	1.49 ± 5.05	0.760 ± 2.80	0.235 ± 0.476	3.46 ± 7.90	0.001
Range (ng/mL)	0.057–45.8	0.061–25.0	0.057–3.02	0.088–45.8
Mean ± SD (ng/mg Cr)	1.59 ± 5.50	0.855 ± 4.46	0.270 ± 0.554	3.61 ± 7.98	0.004
Range (ng/mg Cr)	0.037–43.9	0.084–42.6	0.044–3.13	0.037–43.9
AME
Frequency % (n)	48.7 (131)	53.8 (50)	51.2 (44)	41.1 (37)
Mean ± SD (ng/mL)	0.102 ± 0.120	0.113 ± 0.131	0.111 ± 0.113	0.082 ± 0.113	0.140
Range (ng/mL)	0.020–0.802	0.027–0.802	0.020–0.171	0.020–0.640
Mean ± SD (ng/mg Cr)	0.111 ± 0.188	0.101 ± 0.125	0.115 ± 0.142	0.117 ± 0.267	0.116
Range (ng/mg Cr)	0.010–2.12	0.010–0.406	0.011–0.193	0.010–2.12
TeA
Frequency % (n)	63.9 (172)	75.3 (70)	74.4 (64)	42.2 (38)
Mean ± SD (ng/mL)	2.08 ± 7.52	2.94 ± 8.32	1.68 ± 4.49	1.57 ± 8.85	0.000
Range (ng/mL)	0.050–80.55	0.052–47.5	0.05–33.4	0.052–80.6
Mean ± SD (ng/mg Cr)	1.82 ± 6.29	2.41 ± 7.82	2.00 ± 4.95	1.06 ± 5.60	0.001
Range (ng/mg Cr)	0.019–63.8	0.019–63.8	0.032–29.0	0.093–50.4
TEN
Frequency % (n)	23.4 (63)	20.4 (19)	11.6 (10)	37.8 (34)
Mean ± SD (ng/mL)	0.041 ± 0.105	0.026 ± 0.041	0.018 ± 0.031	0.079 ± 0.169	0.000
Range (ng/mL)	0.021–0.939	0.021–0.226	0.026–0.239	0.025–0.939
Mean ± SD (ng/mg Cr)	0.056 ± 0.231	0.026 ± 0.053	0.020 ± 0.034	0.123 ± 0.387	0.003
Range (ng/mg Cr)	0.016–2.86	0.016–0.417	0.022–0.223	0.026–2.08

AOH = alternariol; AME = alternariol monomethyl ether; TeA = tenuazonic acid; TEN = tentoxin; Cr = creatinine. ^a p-values obtained using the Kruskal–Wallis test.