AIDS	Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
ALC	Absolute lymphocyte count
APC	Antigen-presenting cells
ARR	Annualized relapse rate
BDNF	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
BTKi	Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor
CCR7+	C-C chemokine receptor type 7
CI	Confidence interval
CIS	Clinically isolated syndrome
CNS	Central nervous system
COX-1	Cyclooxygenase-1
CSF	Cerebrospinal fluid
DCK	Deoxycytidine kinase
DHODH	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
DMF	Dimethyl fumarate
DMT	Disease-modifying therapy
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
EAE	Experimental autoimmune encephalopathy
EBV	Epstein-Barr virus
EDSS	Expanded Disability Status Scale
e.g.,	Exempli gratia
EU	European Union
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
FOXA1+	Forkhead box protein A1
FOXP3	Forkhead box P3
GA	Glatiramer acetate
GSH	Glutathione
HCA2	Hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor 2
HIF-1α	Hypoxia-inducible factor -1α
HIV	Human immunodeficiency virus
HO-1	Heme oxygenase-1
HR	Hazard Ratio
HSV	Herpes simplex virus
i.e.,	Id est
i.v.	Intravenous
IFN	Interferon
IFNAR	Interferon-alpha/beta receptor
Ig	Immunoglobulin
IgG	Immunoglobulin G
IL	Interleukin
IRIS	Immune reconstitution inflammatory Syndrome
ITP	Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
JAK/STAT	Janus kinases/signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins
JCV	John Cunningham virus
LLN	Lower limit of normal
LN	Lymph nodes
MBP	Myelin basic protein
MMF	Monomethylfumarate
MHC	Major Histocompatibility Complex
MMF	Monomethylfumarate
MOG	Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
MRI	Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MS	Multiple sclerosis
MX1	Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1
MyD88	Myeloid differentiation primary response 88
NCI-	National Cancer Institute Common
CTAE	Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events
NF-κB	Nuclear factor ‘kappa-light-chain- enhancer’ of activated B-cells
NK cells	Natural killer cells
Nrf2	nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2
PGE2	Prostaglandin E2
PLP	Proteolipidprotein
PML	Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
PP	Peyers patches
PPMS	Primary progressive multiple sclerosis
RNA	Ribonucleic acid
RRMS	Relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
S1P	Sphingosine-1-phosphate
SPMS	Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
TCR	T-cell receptor
Th1/2 cells	T helper 1/2 cells
TLR	Toll-like receptor
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-α
Tregs	Regulatory T cells
US	United States
VCAM	Vascular cell adhesion molecule
VLA	Very late antigen
vs.	Versus
VZV	Varicella-zoster virus