| BPCQ | Beliefs about Pain Control Questionnaire |
| CSQ | Pain Coping Strategies Questionnaire |
| AIS | Approval Illness Scale |
| Mini-MAC | Mental Adjustment to Cancer |
| M | mean |
| SD | standard deviation |
| p | probability value |
| χ2 | Kruskal–Wallis H test |
| U | Mann–Whitney U test |
| ρ | Spearman’s correlation |
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