Table 5.
CSQ test results for patients with primary, secondary, and higher education.
| Education | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CSQ Test Area | Primary | Secondary | Higher | |||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |
| Distraction | 20.99 | 8.28 | 20.33 | 8.46 | 18.21 | 8.93 |
| Reevaluation of pain sensations | 14.75 | 9.92 | 13.45 | 8.83 | 10.13 | 8.49 |
| Catastrophizing | 12.90 | 8.59 | 12.00 | 7.84 | 10.51 | 7.83 |
| Ignoring sensations | 17.71 | 9.78 | 16.30 | 9.17 | 12.66 | 9.18 |
| Praying/hoping | 24.05 | 8.74 | 21.64 | 8.99 | 19.68 | 8.47 |
| Declaring coping | 22.68 | 9.60 | 21.67 | 9.08 | 20.26 | 9.06 |
| Increased behavioral activity | 21.92 | 8.71 | 21.37 | 8.19 | 19.59 | 9.14 |
CSQ = Pain Coping Strategies Questionnaire; M = mean; SD = standard deviation.