Table 1.
miRNAs identified in the literature as being differentially expressed in AMD patients compared with healthy controls or implicated in AMD pathogenesis. All sample tissues are human, unless otherwise stated. PBNCs = Peripheral blood nucleated cells.
| miRNA | Sample Type | AMD Type | Proposed Role in AMD Pathogenesis | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-374a | Serum [10] Plasma [21] |
Dry | Oxidative stress response [22] Neurodegeneration [22] |
ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] Ertekin et al., 2014 [21] |
| miR-19a | Serum [10] | Dry | Cell growth [10] Apoptosis [10] Angiogenesis [10] |
ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] |
| miR-296-5p | Serum [10] | Dry | Oxidative stress response [23] | ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] |
| miR-19b | Serum [10] | Dry | Cell growth [10] Apoptosis [10] Angiogenesis [10] |
ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] |
| miR-126 | Serum [4,10] PBNCs [14] |
Dry + Wet | Inflammation [5,10] Angiogenesis [5,10] Apoptosis [10] |
ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] Litwińska et al., 2019 [14] Romano et al., 2017 [4] |
| miR-16 | Plasma [24] PBNCs [14] |
Dry + Wet | Apoptosis [24] Cell growth [24] Inflammation [14,24] |
Litwińska et al., 2019 [14] Ulańczyk et al., 2019 [24] |
| miR-486-5p | Serum [10] Serum exosomes [8] |
Dry + Wet | Angiogenesis [8] Inflammation [8] Cell growth [8] Apoptosis [8] |
ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] Elbay et al., 2019 [8] |
| hsa-miR-155 | Serum [4] Plasma [21,24] PBNCs [14] Retina [25] |
Dry + Wet | Inflammation [4,5,6] Angiogenesis [5,6] Apoptosis [4] |
Litwińska et al., 2019 [14] Ulańczyk et al., 2019 [24] Romano et al., 2017 [4] Ertekin et al., 2017 [21] Pogue et al., 2018 [25] |
| hsa-miR-626 | Serum exosomes [8] | Dry + Wet | Neurodegeneration [8] | Elbay et al., 2019 [8] |
| hsa-miR-9 | Serum [4] | Dry + Wet | Inflammation [5] Oxidative stress response [5] |
Romano et al., 2017 [4] |
| hsa-miR-23a | Serum [4] Plasma [24] PBNCs [14] Mouse retinal tissue [26] |
Dry + Wet | Oxidative stress response [5] Angiogenesis [5] |
Litwińska et al., 2019 [14] Ulańczyk et al., 2019 [24] Romano et al., 2017 [4] Zhou et al., 2011 [24] |
| hsa-miR-34a | Serum [4] In vitro retinal pigment epithelium [27] Mouse retinal tissue [28] |
Dry + Wet | Oxidative stress response [5] Cell growth [27] Cell proliferation [27] |
Romano et al., 2017 [4] Smit-McBride et al., 2014 [28] Hou et al., 2013 [27] |
| miR-874 | Serum [10] | Wet | Neurodegeneration [29] | ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] |
| miR-132 | Serum [10] Serum exosomes [8] |
Wet | Angiogenesis [5,8] Cell proliferation [8] Angiogenesis [8] |
ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] Elbay et al., 2019 [8] |
| miR-27b | Serum [10] Plasma [21] |
Wet | Angiogenesis [5,21] | ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] Ertekin et al., 2014 [21] |
| miR-25 | Serum [10] Plasma [21] Whole blood [9] Rat retinal tissue [30] |
Wet | Oxidative stress response [30] | ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] Ren et al., 2017 [9] Zhang et al., 2017 [30] Ertekin et al., 2014 [21] |
| miR-146a | Serum [4,10] Plasma [18] PBNCs [14] Vitreous humour [31] Retina [25] |
Wet | Inflammation [4,5,6] Oxidative stress response [6] Neurodegeneration [6] Angiogenesis [6] |
ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] Litwińska et al., 2019 [14] Ulańczyk et al., 2019 [24] Romano et al., 2017 [4] Ménard et al., 2016 [31] Pogue et al., 2018 [25] |
| miR-410 | Serum [10] Plasma [21] |
Wet | Inflammation [10] | ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] Ertekin et al., 2014 [21] |
| hsa-miR-125b | Retinoblastoma cell lines [32] Retina [25] |
Wet | Inflammation [5] Angiogenesis [6] |
Pogue et al., 2018 [25] Bai et al., 2016 [32] |
| hsa-miR-27a | Whole blood [9] Serum [4] Mouse retinal tissue [26] |
Wet | Angiogenesis [5] Neurodegeneration [4] Inflammation [4] |
Ren et al., 2017 [9] Romano et al., 2017 [4] Zhou et al., 2011 [26] |
| hsa-miR-93 | Mouse retinal tissue [1] Plasma [24] |
Wet | Angiogenesis [1,5,24] | Wang et al., 2016 [4] Ulańczyk et al., 2019 [24] |
| hsa-miR-301-3p | Serum [2] | Wet | Angiogenesis [2] | Grassmann et al., 2014 [2] |
| hsa-miR-361-5p | Serum [2] | Wet | Angiogenesis [2] | Grassmann et al., 2014 [2] |
| hsa-miR-424-5p | Serum [2,11] | Wet | Angiogenesis [2] | Grassmann et al., 2014 [2] Szemraj et al., 2015 [11] |
| hsa-let-7a-5p | Serum [11] | Wet | Angiogenesis [11] | Szemraj et al., 2015 [11] |
| hsa-let-7d-5p | Serum [11] | Wet | Angiogenesis [11] | Szemraj et al., 2015 [11] |
| hsa-let-7b-5p | Serum [11] | Wet | Angiogenesis [11] | Szemraj et al., 2015 [11] |
| miR-200b | Mouse retinal tissue [33] Rat retinal tissue [34] |
Wet | Oxidative stress response [33,34] Angiogenesis [34] |
Murray et al., 2013 [33] McArthur et al., 2011 [34] |
| miR-205-5p | Serum [7] In vitro retinal pigment epithelium [35] |
Wet | Oxidative stress response [35] Angiogenesis [7,35] |
Oltra et al., 2020 [35] Blasiak et al., 2019 [7] |