Table 2.
Metabolomics used in identifying plant polyphenols of food.
| Polyphenol-Rich Foods | Polyphenols Identification | MS Based Tools | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strawberry | Cyanidin, ellagic acid derivatives, glycosides of quercetin, kaempferol, taxifolin 3-O-arabinoside, peonidin, pelargonidin | UHPLC-HR-MS | [100] |
| Blueberry | Anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, resveratrol, phenolic acids | HPLC-IT-TOF-MS | [101] |
| Cherry | Hydroxycinnamic acids, anthocyanins, flavonoids | LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS | [102] |
| Berry | Delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside-5-O-glucoside; 5-caffeoylquinic acid, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, petunidin-3-O-rutinoside-5-O-glucoside, 3-caffeoylquinic acid, malvidin-3-O-rutinoside-5-O-glucoside, 4-caffeoylquinic acid | UPLC-PDA-Q-TOF-MS | [103] |
| Grape | Anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, stilbenes | LC-MS | [104] |
| Apples | Procyanidin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin | UPLC/MS | [105] |
| Onions | Quercetin-4′-glucoside, quercetin-3,4′-diglucoside | LC-MS/MS | [106] |
| Cabbage | Quercetin-3-disinapoyl-triglucoside-7-diglucoside, kaempferol 3-di(tri, feruloyldi, sinapoyltri, disinapoyltri)glucoside-7-diglucoside | HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS, HPLC-DAD-MS | [107,108] |
| Beans | Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, malvidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, petunidin-3-O-glucoside | HPLC-ESI-MS | [109] |
| Barley | Caffeic acid, catechin, cereals, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, isoscoparin-2″-O-glucoside, p-coumaric acid, procyanidin B2 | Q-TOF-LC-MS | [110] |
| Nut | (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, procatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, naringenin-7-O-glucoside | LC-MS | [111] |
| Cocoa beans | Flavan-3-ols, procyanidins, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin | HPLC-DAD, HPLC-FL | [112] |
| Coffee | Phenolic acids, flavonoids, secoiridoids | HPLC-MS/MS | [113] |
| Green tea | Quercetin-3-O-galactoside, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, proanthocyanidin B2, quercetin-3-O-galactoside | LC-MS | [114] |
| Wine | Gallic acid, gentisic acid, protocatechuic acid-O-hexoside, protocatechuic acid, caftaric acid, catechin, coumaric-O-hexoside, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid | HPLC/ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS | [115] |
Note: ESI-LTQ-MS: electrospray ionisation-linear ion trap quadrupole-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry; HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS: high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode-array detection and electrospray ionization/ion trap mass spectrometry; IT-TOF: ion trap with time-of-flight; Q-TOF-MS: quadrupole-time of flight; UPLC-Q-TOF-MS: ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry; UHPLC-HR: UPLC-high-resolution.