. 2021 Nov 19;22(22):12516. doi: 10.3390/ijms222212516

Table 1.

Genes whose expression is altered in CML.

Gene (Protein)	Description	NCBI Gene ID	Protein Function	CML Analysis	References
ABL1 (ABL1)	ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine	25	Cell division, adhesion, differentiation, and response to stress	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[47]
AKT1 (AKT1)	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	207	Regulation of cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, and angiogenesis	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[47]
ATM (ATM)	Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated serine/threonine kinase	472	Cell cycle checkpoint	Blast crisis	[44]
*BAP1*	BRCA1 associated protein 1	8314	Regulation of cell cycle and growth	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[87]
BCL2 (BCL2)	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	596	Regulation of apoptosis	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[47]
BTK (BTK)	Bruton tyrosine kinase	695	B-cell development	TKIs¹ resistance	[88]
*CDKN2A*	Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	1029	Regulation of cell cycle progression	Blast crisis	[44]
CLU (CLU)	Clusterin	1191	Regulation of apoptosis and cell proliferation	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[44]
C-MYC (c-MYC)	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	4609	Regulation of cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and cellular transformation	Good response to TKIs ¹	[44]
CTNNB1 (CTNNB1)	Catenin beta 1	1499	Cell adhesion	Chronic phase Blast crisis TKIs ¹ resistance	[44,47]
CXCR4 (CXCR4)	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	7852	Regulator of apoptosis, calcium-mediated signaling, response to cytokine stimulus	Chronic phase Blast crisis TKIs ¹ resistance	[44]
E2F (E2F)	E2F transcription factor 1	1869	Cell cycle regulation	Good response to TKIs ¹	[44]
EGFR (EGFR)	Epidermal growth factor receptor	1956	Cell proliferation	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[47]
FCER1A (FCER1A)	Fc fragment of IgE receptor 1a	2205	Alpha subunit of immunoglobulin E involved in allergic response	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[44]
FOS (FOS)	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor	2353	Regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation	TKIs ¹ resistance	[44]
FYN (Fyn)	FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine	2534	Regulation of cell growth	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[47]
GAS-2 (GAS-2)	Growth arrest specific 2	2620	Apoptosis	Chronic phase Blast crisis TKIs ¹ resistance	[44]
HIF1A (HIF1A)	Hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	3091	Response to hypoxia	TKIs ¹resistance	[44]
IL1B (ILB1)	Interleukin 1 beta	3553	Cytokine involved in inflammatory response, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[47]
JAK2 (JAK2)	Janus kinase 2	3717	Regulation of cell growth, development, and differentiation	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[47]
KDR (VEGFR)	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor	3791	Proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells	Mutations correlate to poor prognosis	[45]
MAPK1 (MAPK1)	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	5594	Regulation of proliferation, differentiation, transcription, and development	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[47]
MAPK3 (MAPK3)	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	5595	Regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and cell cycle progression	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[47]
MZB1 (MZB1)	Marginal zone B and B1 cell specific protein	51237	Regulation of apoptosis	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[44]
NFKB1 (NFKB1)	Nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	4790	Regulator of NF-kB pathway	TKIs ¹ resistance	[44]
PDGFR-β (PDGFRB)	Platelet-derived growth factor receptor, beta polypeptide	100487523	Regulation of cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, chemotaxis, and migration	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[47]
PTGS1 (PTGS1)	Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	5742	Drug metabolism; Regulation of cell proliferation	TKIs ¹ resistance	[88]
PTK2 (PTK2)	Protein tyrosine kinase 2	5747	Regulation of cell growth and cell adhesion	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[47]
PTKB2 (PTKB2)	Protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	2185	Calcium-induced regulation of ion channels	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[47]
PTPN22 (PTPN22)	Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22	26191	CBL function in the T-cell receptor signaling pathway	TKIs ¹ resistance	[88]
RGS2 (RGS2)	Regulator of G protein signaling 2	5997	Regulator of myeloid differentiation	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[44]
SKIL (SKIL)	SKI like proto-oncogene	6498	TGF-β pathway–regulation of cell growth and differentiation	TKIs ¹ resistance	[44]
SORBS3 (SORBS3)	Sorbin and SH3 domain containing 3	10174	Cell adhesion	TKIs ¹ resistance	[88]
SQSTM1 (SQSTM1)	Sequestosome 1	8878	Regulator of NF-kB pathway	TKIs ¹ resistance	[44]
SRC (SRC)	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	6714	Regulation of cell growth	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[47]
TGFB1 (TGFB1)	Transforming growth factor beta 1	7040	Regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and growth	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[47]
TGFB2 (TGFB2)	Transforming growth factor beta 2	7042	Regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and growth	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[47]
TNC (TNC)	Tenascin C	3371	Regulation of cell adhesion	TKIs ¹ resistance	[88]
TNFA (TNF)	Tumor necrosis factor	7124	Cytokine involved in inflammatory response. Cell proliferation and differentiation	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[47]
TP53 (p53)	Tumor protein p53	7157	Regulation of cell-cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy	Chronic phase Blast crisis Mutations correlated to poor prognosis	[46,47,48,49,50]
VEGFA (VEGFA)	Vascular endothelial growth factor A	7422	Proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells	Chronic phase Blast crisis	[47]
WTAP (WTAP)	Wilms tumor (WT1) associated protein	9589	Cell cycle regulation	TKIs ¹ resistance	[44]

¹ TKIs–tyrosine kinase inhibitors.