Table 2. Univariate Cox proportional hazard regression of single variables measured in COVID-19 patient plasma at DSO11.
RLU, relative light units, normalized to internal control (CR3022) (see Materials and Methods for details); MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; ID50, neutralization half-maximal (50%) inhibitory dilution.
| Discovery cohort | ||||
| Variable | All COVID-19–positive at DSO11 (n = 61) | Critical COVID-19–positive subset at DSO11 (n = 29) | ||
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| 1 U | 1 U | |||
| Viral load | ||||
| vRNA (copies/ml of plasma)* | 3.1 (1.9–5.1) | <0.001 | 2.5 (1.4–4.7) | 0.004 |
| Serology | ||||
| RBD-specific IgG (RLU)* | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) | 0.011 | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) | 0.005 |
| RBD-specific IgM (RLU)* | 0.5 (0.2–1.4) | 0.186 | 0.4 (0.1–1.3) | 0.144 |
| RBD-specific IgA (RLU)* | 0.4 (0.2–0.98) | 0.045 | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) | 0.014 |
| Spike Ig (MFI)* | 0.6 (0.5–0.9) | 0.006 | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 0.002 |
| Neutralization (ID50)* | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.172 | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.020 |
| ADCC (%)† | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.006 | 0.1 (0.5–0.9) | 0.004 |
| Cytokines | ||||
| Angiopoietin-2* | 14.5 (3.4–62.1) | 0.001 | 6.7 (1.4–33.0) | 0.018 |
| CCL2/JE/MCP-1* | 5.6 (1.7–18.4) | 0.005 | 2.8 (0.8–10.2) | 0.115 |
| CCL20/MIP-3 alpha* | 2.9 (1.2–6.8) | 0.016 | 1.4 (0.5–4.0) | 0.578 |
| CCL7/MCP-3/MARC* | 4.0 (1.0–15.6) | 0.050 | 5.2 (0.9–30.7) | 0.068 |
| CD40 Ligand/TNFSF5* | 5.6 (1.0–30.8) | 0.049 | 6.7 (0.8–55.7) | 0.080 |
| CXCL10/IP-10/CRG-2* | 16.7 (0.7–423.5) | 0.088 | 5.5 (0.2–161.2) | 0.323 |
| CXCL13/BLC/BCA-1* | 6.7 (2.6–17.2) | <0.001 | 4.3 (1.6–11.7) | 0.005 |
| IL-8/CXCL8* | 5.6 (1.7–18.6) | 0.005 | 3.8 (1.0–14.3) | 0.048 |
| CXCL9/MIG* | 2.2 (0.8–6.4) | 0.133 | 1.2 (0.5–2.9) | 0.621 |
| D-dimer* | 5.0 (0.5–49.9) | 0.174 | 0.4 (0.02–8.5) | 0.548 |
| G-CSF* | 3.3 (1.1–10.2) | 0.034 | 3.5 (1.1–10.8) | 0.032 |
| GM-CSF* | 9.4 (1.7–50.7) | 0.009 | 7.3 (1.02–51.4) | 0.047 |
| IFNα* | 2.4 (0.9–6.5) | 0.087 | 2.4 (0.8–7.0) | 0.114 |
| IL-1ra/IL-1F3* | 8.0 (1.9–33.7) | 0.004 | 2.8 (0.6–14.4) | 0.214 |
| IL-23* | 13.7 (2.2–85.6) | 0.005 | 7.2 (1.1–46.3) | 0.038 |
| IL-6* | 2.6 (1.4–5.0) | 0.003 | 1.5 (0.7–3.3) | 0.315 |
| SP-D* | 5.2 (1.0–26.3) | 0.047 | 2.2 (0.3–15.7) | 0.433 |
| TNFα* | 16.5 (2.7–102.5) | 0.003 | 6.6 (0.9–50.9) | 0.069 |
| RAGE/AGER* | 7.9 (2.3–27.9) | 0.001 | 4.4 (1.01–18.9) | 0.049 |
| CytoScore‡ | 2.6 (1.6–4.2) | <0.001 | 1.9 (1.1–3.4) | 0.0335 |
*Variables are log10-transformed. HR shown is for an increase of 1 U of log10-transformed variable.
†HR for increase of 10 U.
‡Refer to Materials and Methods for details.