Table 3.
Demographic and baseline characteristics, immunosuppressive and antimicrobial therapies, and clinical course data between patients with and without pr/pb CAPA
| pr/pb CAPA*(n=76) | Non-pr/pb CAPA*(n=433) | Univariate odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Onset factors of CAPA* | |||||
| Sex at birth | |||||
| Female | 14 (18%) | 95 (22%) | .. | .. | |
| Male | 62 (82%) | 338 (78%) | 1·24 (0·67–2·32) | 0·49 | |
| Age, years | 76; 63·3 (12·5) | 433; 58·7 (12·4) | 1·03 (1·01–1·06) | 0·0034 | |
| Weight, kg | 73; 84·9 (19·0) | 418; 87·3 (17·4) | 0·99 (0·98–1·01) | 0·28 | |
| Body-mass index, kg/m2 | 72; 28·7 (5·2) | 415; 29·4 (5·7) | 0·98 (0·93–1·02) | 0·34 | |
| Dyslipidaemia | 2 (3%) | 19 (4%) | 0·59 (0·13–2·58) | 0·48 | |
| Diabetes | 26 (34%) | 141 (33%) | 1·07 (0·64–1·80) | 0·79 | |
| Hypertension | 36 (47%) | 218 (50%) | 0·91 (0·55–1·48) | 0·69 | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 8 (11%) | 26 (6%) | 1·84 (0·81–4·24) | 0·15 | |
| Asthma | 5 (7%) | 9 (2%) | 3·32 (1·08–10·19) | 0·036 | |
| Lymphopenia | 56 (74%) | 267 (63%) | 1·68 (0·97–2·90) | 0·064 | |
| Solid organ transplantation | 8 (11%) | 27 (6%) | 1·77 (0·77–4·06) | 0·18 | |
| Haematological malignancy | 0 | 6 (1%) | 0·00† | 0·99 | |
| Any immunosuppression | 11 (14%) | 44 (10%) | 1·50 (0·73–3·05) | 0·27 | |
| Treatments received for COVID-19 | |||||
| Lopinavir–ritonavir | 20 (26%) | 91 (21%) | 1·34 (0·77–2·35) | 0·30 | |
| Remdesivir | 4 (5%) | 16 (4%) | 1·45 (0·47–4·46) | 0·52 | |
| Oseltamivir | 7 (9%) | 33 (8%) | 1·23 (0·52–2·88) | 0·64 | |
| Cefotaxime | 0 | 25 (6%) | 0·00† | 0·97 | |
| Spiramycin | 2 (3%) | 13 (3%) | 0·87 (0·19–3·95) | 0·86 | |
| Azithromycin | 1 (1%) | 9 (2%) | 0·63 (0·08–5·03) | 0·66 | |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 18 (24%) | 149 (34%) | 0·59 (0·34–1·04) | 0·065 | |
| Dexamethasone and anti-IL-6 | 8 (11%) | 21 (5%) | 2·31 (0·98–5·42) | 0·055 | |
| Dexamethasone | 34 (46%) | 168 (39%) | 1·33 (0·81–2·18) | 0·27 | |
| Anti-IL-6 | 8 (11%) | 30 (7%) | 1·57 (0·69–3·57) | 0·28 | |
| Anti-IL-1 | 3 (4%) | 13 (3%) | 1·32 (0·37–4·76) | 0·67 | |
| Prone position | 64 (84%) | 330 (76%) | 1·65 (0·86–3·17) | 0·13 | |
| Clinical course data | |||||
| Duration of mechanical ventilation, days (n=508)‡ | 76; 31·8 (25·8) | 432; 26·3 (18·4) | 1·01 (1·00–1·02) | 0·030 | |
| Simplified Acute Physiology II at admission (n=485)‡ | 74; 47·3 (17·4) | 411; 43·5 (15·9) | 1·01 (1·00–1·03) | 0·060 | |
| SOFA at admission (n=398)‡ | 67; 7·8 (3·8) | 331; 7·3 (4·0) | 1·03 (0·96–1·10) | 0·37 | |
| SOFA at day 7 (n=366)‡ | 61; 9·8 (3·8) | 305; 8·5 (4·3) | 1·07 (1·01–1·15) | 0·032 | |
| SOFA at day 15 (n=261)‡ | 51; 9·8 (3·9) | 210; 8·1 (4·7) | 1·08 (1·01–1·16) | 0·019 | |
| SOFA at discharge (n=285)‡ | 53; 9·2 (6·4) | 232; 5·4 (5·7) | 1·10 (1·05–1·16) | 0·0001 | |
Data are n (%), mean (SD), or n; mean (SD). pr/pb=proven or probable. CAPA= COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis. IL=interleukin. SOFA=Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
*
CAPA status according to Koehler et al.8
†
Samples too small to calculate effect estimate and 95% CIs.
‡
Number of patients with available data.