Table 2.
Severity levels description, criteria, prevalence per site, and patient characteristics
| Severity 0 | Severity 1 | Severity 2 | Severity 3 | Severity 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Description | No respiratory problem | Mild respiratory problem | Moderate to severe respiratory problem | Severe respiratory problem with organ damage | Mortality within 30 days of admission |
| Criteria | No O2 supplement required | Hypoxic patients requiring O2 supplement | Hypoxic patients requiring high flow nasal canula, BIPAPa, or invasive O2 supplement therapy | Same as severity 2 along with increase in SOFAb score (renal, liver) by 2 and/or renal replacement therapy | In-hospital mortality within 30 days or transfer to hospice |
| Prevalence per site | |||||
| Emory hospital | 838 | 914 | 377 | 332 | 318 |
| Houston Methodist Hospital | 1253 | 2831 | 126 | 31 | 454 |
| La Paz University Hospital | 1012 | 1142 | 238 | 107 | 609 |
| Mt. Sinai Hospital (external testing) | 338 | 1061 | 284 | 126 | 329 |
| Patient characteristic | |||||
| Age | 53 ± 0.4 (1792) | 59 ± 0.3 (3357) | 60 ± 0.7 (526) | 65 ± 0.9 (328) | 75 ± 0.4 (1023) |
| BMI | 31 ± 0.3 (743) | 32 ± 0.2 (1852) | 31 ± 0.9 (93) | 34 ± 2.4 (23) | 29 ± 0.4 (307) |
| Gender (Female/Male) | 580 | 1440 | 171 | 67 | 484 |
| Diabetes | 359 (1225) | 981 (2783) | 93 (296) | 41 (104) | 348 (792) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 189 (1226) | 488 (2784) | 36 (295) | 39 (104) | 245 (790) |
| Hypertension | 224 (1228) | 681 (2786) | 112 (296) | 79 (104) | 423 (792) |
| Congestive heart failure | 95 (791) | 334 (1943) | 31 (93) | 11 (23) | 131 (313) |
| Lymphocyte (%) | 21 ± 0.3 (1574) | 17 ± 0.2 (3111) | 15 ± 0.4 (485) | 16 ± 0.6 (290) | 13 ± 0.3 (955) |
| Eosinophil (%) | 0.96 ± 0.04 (1495) | 0.50 ± 0.02 (2940) | 0.56 ± 0.05 (379) | 0.84 ± 0.09 (207) | 0.44 ± 0.03 (865) |
| Neutrophile (%) | 69 ± 0.3 (1574) | 74 ± 0.2 (3111) | 77 ± 0.5 (485) | 74 ± 0.8 (290) | 79 ± 0.4 (955) |
| Creatinine | 1.30 ± 0.04 (1683) | 1.35 ± 0.03 (3223) | 1.36 ± 0.07 (519) | 1.52 ± 0.08 (321) | 1.78 ± 0.06 (999) |
| D-Dimer | 1.22 ± 0.13 (617) | 1.85 ± 0.14 (1461) | 3.59 ± 0.54 (350) | 4.20 ± 0.86 (181) | 5.45 ± 0.63 (468) |
| CRP | 69 ± 3.9 (316) | 109 ± 2.9 (918) | 140 ± 6.4 (210) | 116 ± 7.2 (137) | 150 ± 6.7 (216) |
| Troponin-I | 0.09 ± 0.05 (790) | 0.14 ± 0.07 (1838) | 0.15 ± 0.07 (291) | 0.13 ± 0.04 (173) | 0.64 ± 0.20 (489) |
| Interleukin 6c | 85 ± 29.1 (181) | 69 ± 9.6 (612) | 89 ± 32.9 (166) | 33 ± 9.1 (65) | 169 ± 29.1 (163) |
a
Positive Airway Pressure.
b
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
c
IL-6 was not part of the 10-variable model owing to the low number of entries in the hospital databases.