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. 2021 Nov 27;47(4):805–816. doi: 10.1038/s41386-021-01241-w

Fig. 1. Organization of the circadian clock.

Fig. 1

A Representative schema depicting efferent and afferent signaling to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) (black arrows). These include limbic structures including the infralimbic cortex (LC), lateral septal nucleus (LSN), basal forebrain of the stria terminalis (BST), ventral subiculum (VS), paraventricular thalamic nuclei (PVT), nucleus accumbens (NAc), ventral tegmental area (VTA), medial preoptic nucleus (MPO), dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), median raphe nucleus (MRN) and hypothalamic nuclei [i.e., dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), and the retino-hypothalamic tract (RHT)] [28, 30]. The lateral habenula (LHb) efferent and afferent connections are shown (red arrows), ventral lateral geniculate (Vlgn), intergeniculate leaflet (IGL), rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) [25, 28, 34, 116, 220]. B A predictive model in which ketamine and sleep deprivation elicit common transcriptional responses by blocking BMAL1/CLOCK function at specific times of the day (Zeitgebers-ZTs) associated with neuronal and behavioral responses [94, 95, 219]. Changes in the acrophase and/or amplitude of the CCGs participating at different regulatory levels could affect mood. The 7 clock-controlled genes represent potential components of rapid antidepressant actions of ketamine and sleep deprivation.