Table 3.
GL-adjusted GI effects on cognitive parameters.
| Medium GI | High GI | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | 95% confidence interval | Estimate | 95% confidence interval | p | |
| Switch (n = 170) | |||||
| Switch costs [s] | 24.6 | 21.9, 27.3 | 25.9 | 23.1, 28.6 | 0.49 |
| Visual search letters [s]a | 32.3 | 30.7, 33.8 | 32.3 | 30.7, 33.8 | 0.99 |
| Visual search numbers [s] | 49.1 | 47.3, 50.8 | 48.3 | 46.6, 50.0 | 0.32 |
| 2-back (n = 188) | |||||
| RT [ms] | 540.8 | 524.0, 557.7 | 528.8 | 511.9, 545.6 | 0.17 |
| Ratio of missings (%) | 33.9 | 31.2, 36.6 | 34.6 | 31.9, 37.3 | 0.68 |
| Ratio of false alarms (%) | 12.6 | 10.2, 14.9 | 11.8 | 9.4, 14.2 | 0.38 |
| Alertness (n = 188) | |||||
| Mean RT [ms] | 352.6 | 341.3, 364.0 | 358.8 | 347.5, 370.2 | 0.23 |
| Deviation of RT [ms] | 142.8 | 129.1, 156.5 | 139.3 | 125.6, 153.1 | 0.69 |
| Count of omission errors (n) | 1.2 | 0.6, 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.7, 2.0 | 0.57 |
| Count of commission errors (n) | 3.0 | 2.3, 3.7 | 2.9 | 2.2, 3.6 | 0.87 |
GI glycemic index, GL glycemic load, RT reaction time.
aFirst 12 reactions; switch costs = (mean RT switch task) − (mean RT number task) − (mean RT first 12 reactions of letter task) − mean RT first 12 reactions of number task; analyzed with linear mixed model.