Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics at admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and during the ICU stay
| Characteristics | No HES (n = 371) | HES (n = 1874) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 69.7 ± 10.3 | 69.0 ± 9.6 | 0.216 |
| Male, n (%) | 269 (72.5) | 1449 (77.3) | 0.046 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Intermittent | 56 (15.1) | 185 (9.9) | |
| Persistent | 29 (7.8) | 88 (4.7) | |
| Chronic | 9 (2.43) | 49 (2.62) | |
| Current or previous smoking, n (%) | 154 (41.5) | 783 (42.8) | 0.922 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 141 (38.0) | 645 (34.4) | 0.186 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 336 (90.6) | 1665 (88.9) | 0.332 |
| Logistic EUROscore | 7.1 ± 3.6 | 6.4 ± 3.1 | < 0.001 |
| LVEF, n (%) | 0.058 | ||
| LVEF > 50% | 225 (60.7) | 1241 (66.2) | |
| LVEF 31–50% | 115 (31.0) | 510 (27.2) | |
| LVEF 21–30% | 25 (6.7) | 110 (5.9) | |
| LVEF < 20% | 6 (1.6) | 10 (0.5) | |
| Systolic arterial pressure (mmHg) | 155 ± 31 | 158 ± 32 | 0.069 |
| PAD, n (%) | 66 (17.8) | 240 (12.8) | 0.011 |
| Laboratory | |||
| eGFR at ICU admission (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 69.3 ± 27.2 | 80.3 ± 19.8 | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.2 ± 1.1 | 11.0 ± 1.1 | 0.006 |
| Lactate (mg/dL) | 15.7 ± 11.7 | 15.8 ± 9.3 | 0.874 |
| Leucocytes (/nl) | 12.2 ± 5.2 | 10.8 ± 3.7 | < 0.001 |
| Maximum creatinine in ICU (mg/dL) | 1.39 ± 1.42 | 1.03 ± 0.71 | < 0.001 |
| Preoperative creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.09 ± 0.5 | 0.95 ± 0.33 | < 0.001 |
| Thrombocytes (/nl) | 178 ± 64 | 163 ± 60 | < 0.001 |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 49 ± 30 | 39 ± 19 | < 0.001 |
| Surgical parameters | |||
| Aortic clamp time (min) | 45 ± 32 | 58 ± 26 | < 0.001 |
| Bypass time (min) | 73 ± 50 | 96 ± 45 | < 0.001 |
| Surgery time (min) | 198 ± 65 | 224 ± 63 | < 0.001 |
| Total blood substitution (mL) | 321 ± 478 | 362 ± 504 | 0.144 |
| Total FFP substitution (mL) | 14 ± 125 | 22 ± 152 | 0.341 |
| Total thrombocyte substitution (mL) | 54 ± 214 | 80 ± 280 | 0.091 |
| ICU parameters/medication | |||
| Ventilation time (min) | 988 ± 1231 | 1553 ± 3241 | < 0.001 |
| Catecholamine yes, n (%) | 237 (63.9) | 1455 (77.6) | < 0.001 |
| Total dose of crystalloids (mL) | 5093 ± 1940 | 6586 ± 2381 | < 0.001 |
| Nephrotoxic drugs yes, n (%) | 26 (7.0) | 159 (8.5) | 0.345 |
| Mannitol yes, n (%) | 2 (0.5) | 5 (0.3) | 0.399 |
| Total blood substitution (mL) | 239 ± 552 | 365 ± 755 | 0.002 |
| Total FFP substitution (mL) | 33 ± 330 | 49 ± 387 | 0.462 |
| Total thrombocyte substitution (mL) | 58 ± 236 | 85 ± | 0.076 |
The p-values relate to the unbalanced nature of both groups and describe the extent to which a tabulated characteristic was associated with allocation to one group or the other
eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, FFP fresh frozen plasma, HES hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, min minutes, PAD peripheral arterial disease