Table 1.
Sample characteristics.
| Phenotypic spectrum | Sample size | % male |
Mean age (SD) | Mean PANSS score (SD) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive symptoms | Negative symptoms | General psychopathology | Total score | ||||
| Schizophrenia (SZ) | 384 | 64.58 | 40.54 (12.21) | 14.60 (5.87)a | 16.30 (6.82)a | 30.61 (10.36)a | 61.51 (20.58)a |
| Schizoaffective disorder (SZA) | 86 | 38.37 | 45.63 (10.77) | 12.53 (5.74)b | 14.28 (5.76)b | 28.80 (8.83)b | 55.60 (17.11)b |
| Bipolar II disorder (BD II) | 96 | 46.88 | 46.22 (13.80) | 8.69 (2.36)c | 9.82 (3.77)c | 23.56 (6.82)c | 42.07 (11.00)c |
| Bipolar I disorder (BD I) | 359 | 54.32 | 45.16 (12.72) | 9.48 (3.41)d | 10.21 (3.94)d | 23.23 (6.48)d | 42.92 (10.94)d |
| At-risk state for psychosis (RISK) | 120 | 60.00 | 21.23 (5.93) | 12.66 (4.13)e | 14.19 (5.72)e | 31.47 (8.18)e | 58.32 (15.87)e |
| Higher schizotypy (SCHIZ H) | 113 | 62.83 | 31.68 (10.20) | — | — | — | — |
| Lower schizotypy (SCHIZ L) | 117 | 72.65 | 32.51 (11.71) | — | — | — | — |
| Non-psychiatric controls (CTRL) | 305 | 43.93 | 37.29 (15.22) | 7.08 (0.32)f | 7.13 (0.50)f | 16.37 (0.83)f | 30.58 (1.01)f |
| Total sample | 1580 | 55.89 | 38.89 (14.20) | 11.28 (5.16)g | 12.42 (6.11)g | 25.96 (9.40)g | 49.67 (18.67)g |
Note: The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores were available for the following sample subsets: an = 362, bn = 83, cn = 89, dn = 328, en = 119, fn = 153, gn = 1134. The assessments were collected during interviews at clinical presentations.