Table 1.

Primers used in this study to quantify integrons (intI1, intI2, intI3), anthropogenic class 1 integrons (aint1), aint1 that contain no ARGs (eaint1), coliforms, and total bacteria (16S rRNA).

Target	Primer	Sequence (5′–3′)	Amplicon size (bp)	Annealing (°C)	Reference
intI1	F	GCCTTGATGTTACCCGAGAG	196	60	Barraud et al., 2010
	R	GATCGGTCGAATGCGTGT
	Probe	(6FAM)ATTCCTGGCCGTGGTTCTGGGTTTT(BHQ1)
intI2	F	TGCTTTTCCCACCCTTACC	195	60	Barraud et al., 2010
	R	GACGGCTACCCTCTGTTATCTC
	Probe	(TxRd)TGGATACTCGCAACCAAGTTATTTTTACGCTG(BHQ2)
intI3	F	GCCACCACTTGTTTGAGGA	138	60	Barraud et al., 2010
	R	GGATGTCTGTGCCTGCTTG
	Probe	(6FAM)CGCCACTCATTCGCCACCCA(BHQ1)
eaint1	F	GAGCAGCAACGATGTTAC	131	60	This study
	R	GGCTTATTATGCACGCTTA
	Probe	(6FAM)CGCCCTAAAACAAAGTTAGATGCACT(BHQ1)
aint1	F	GCACTAAGCACATAATTG	140	60	This study
	R	CCAACTATTGCGATAACA
	Probe	(6FAM)GAGATATATCATGAAAGGCTGGCTT(BHQ1)
Coliforms	Eco1457F	CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC	190	60	Bartosch et al., 2004
	Eco1652R	CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC
16S rRNA	1055f	ATGGCTGTCGTCAGCT	337	58	Harms et al., 2003
	1392r	ACGGGCGGTGTGTAC