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The expression of cytokines in serum.
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001, all relative to the unvaccinated group (control). #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001, all compared with the simple vaccination group (ND).
The expression levels of cytokine IL-2, IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ in serum among Control, ND, GPS-L, GPS-M, and GPS-H groups of chickens on the 14th d after NDV vaccination (n = 5).
