Table 1.

Summary of the studies reporting data on UIC in overweight/obesity

First Author (ref)	Year	Country	Study group (n)	Study group iodine status	Main finding(s)
Garcia-Solis P [11]	2013	Mexico	Schoolchildren (n = 1544)	more than adequate	+ve correlation between UIC and OW/OB
de Oliveira Campos R [12]	2016	Brazil	Schoolchildren (n = 1419)	sufficient	no significant correlation between UIC and BMI; reduced risk of excessive iodine intake in OW/OB children
De Angelis S [13]	2021	Italy	Schoolchildren (n = 1595)	sufficient/ mildly deficient	-ve correlation between UIC and OW/OB in iodine sufficient children; no significant correlation between UIC and OW/OB in mildly iodine deficient children
Farebrother J [14]	2021	UK	Obese pregnant women (n = 954)	inadequate	sub-optimal iodine status amongst multi-ethnic pregnant women with obesity
Michalaki M [15]	2014	Greece	morbidly obese adults before and after bariatric surgery (n = 35)	sufficient	UIC unaffected by bariatric surgery and weight loss
Lecube A [16]	2015	Spain	morbidly obese women (n = 90)	mildly deficient	UIC negatively correlated with BMI
Manousou S [17]	2018	Sweden	obese adults with or without bariatric surgery (n = 4047)	sufficient	lower, though sufficient, iodine status in bariatric groups than in obese controls

+ve positive, −ve negative, UIC urinary iodine concentrations, OW overweight, OB obesity