Fig. 4.

Metformin attenuates LPS-induced synaptic dysfunction in rat primary hippocampal neurons. A, B A metformin concentration of 5 mM was used to treat primary hippocampal neurons prior to their stimulation with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 6 h. Western blotting was used to test the levels of postsynaptic protein PSD95 (A, B), n = 3. C–E Hippocampal primary neurons were pretreated with 5 mM of metformin and treated with LPS, then MPA2 antibody was used to examine dendritic morphology (C, D), and the total dendritic length (E), n = 10. p value significance is calculated from a one-way ANOVA or two-way ANOVA tests, all data present mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs LPS group