Fig. 6.

Metformin pretreatment attenuates the release of inflammatory factors via preventing the activation of the NF-κB pathway. A–C Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kits was used to detect inflammatory factors including IL-1β (A), IL-6 (B), and TNF-α (C). We separate cytosolic and nuclear proteins: NF-κB in the cytoplasm (D, E) and nucleus (F, G) was measured. n = 3. p value significance is calculated from a one-way ANOVA test, all data represent mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs LPS group