Table 2.
Parent–child communication and psychological resilience outcomes by parental absence status, mean (SD)
| BLBC | SLBC | DC | NLBC | F | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother-adolescent communication | ||||||
| Openness subscale (10–50)@ | 29.4 (6.0) | 29.0 (6.4) | 27.6 (7.1) | 30.0 (6.2) | 17.13 | < 0.001 |
| Problem subscale (10–50)# | 22.0(5.2) | 22.6 (5.2) | 22.8 (5.6) | 21.4 (5.3) | 12.19 | < 0.001 |
| Total scale (20–100)$ | 57.5 (10.2) | 56.5 (10.5) | 54.8 (11.0) | 58.6 (10.4) | 16.52 | < 0.001 |
| Father-adolescent communication | ||||||
| Openness subscale (10–50)% | 28.9 (6.6) | 29.4 (6.7) | 27.0 (7.1) | 29.9 (6.7) | 21.95 | < 0.001 |
| Problem subscale (10–50)& | 21.2 (5.4) | 20.5 (5.4) | 22.3 (5.6) | 19.9 (5.4) | 25.39 | < 0.001 |
| Total scale (20–100)* | 57.8 (10.8) | 58.9 (11.0) | 54.8 (11.5) | 60.2 (11.1) | 27.60 | < 0.001 |
| Resilience total score (0–100)! | 57.5 (16.5) | 58.6 (16.0) | 53.8 (16.2) | 60.9 (16.3) | 21.84 | < 0.001 |
LBC left-behind children, BLBC LBC with both parents migrating, SLBC LBC with one parent migrating; NLBC neither parents had migrated; DC children living in a divorced family without migrant parents
@: Post-hoc, (1,3), (2,3), (2,4), (3,4); #: Post-hoc, (2,4), (3,4); $: Post-hoc, (1,3), (2,3), (2,4), (3,4);
%: Post-hoc, (1,3), (1,4), (2,3), (3,4); &: Post-hoc, (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (2,3), (2,4), (3,4);
*: Post-hoc, (1,3), (1,4), (2,3), (2,4), (3,4); !: Post-hoc, (1,3), (1,4), (2,3), (2,4), (3,4)