Fig. 4.

Acute treatment with TMAO promotes BBB integrity in vivo. A Extravasation of Evans blue dye into brain parenchyma over a 1-h period in 2-month-old male C57Bl/6J mice following i.p. injection of 1.8 mg/kg TMAO for 2 h, 6 h, or 24 h vs. a saline-injected control. Data are normalised to plasma Evans blue content and are expressed as mean ± s.e.m., n = 5–6 mice. B Extravasation of Evans blue dye into brain parenchyma over a 1-h period in 2-month-old male C57Bl/6J mice following i.p. injection of saline or E. coli O111:B4 LPS (3 mg/kg) with or without subsequent i.p. injection of 1.8 mg/kg TMAO according to the schedule shown. Data are normalised to plasma Evans blue content and are expressed as mean ± s.e.m., n = 4–6 mice