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. 2021 Nov 24;7:e780. doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.780

Table 2. Deductive comparison between BLE and ESP-NOW protocols.

Specification BLE ESP-NOW
Protocol Standard Proprietary
Communication methodology Master/Slave Sender/Receiver
Communication mode Unidirectional Bidirectional
Maximum connected slave nodes 3 7 “up to our experiments”
Maximum distance
between nodes
6 meter 15.5 meter “indoor”
90 meter “outdoor”
according to our experiments
Power consumption Very low Low