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Example particle simulation from TOPAS-nBio (using physics lists from Geant4-DNA) of 80 MeV protons (blue) entering a section (20×20 μm2) of a virtual FNTD composed of water with modified mass-density. An FNTD thickness of 40 μm was simulated and particle tracks were scored in the target region (central 20 μm, green box). The red tracks are the secondary electrons that were produced.
